Gut microbiota and cancer: How gut microbiota modulates activity, efficacy and toxicity of antitumoral therapy

Gori, Stefania; Inno, Alessandro; Belluomini, Lorenzo; Buracco, Paolo; Bisoffi, Zeno; Russo, Antonio; Arcaro, Guido

doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.09.003

Cited by 125 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Particularly interesting is the application of probiotic strains in patients that undergo antitumor chemotherapy. For decades, 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) has remained an important component of chemotherapeutic regimens in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Unfortunately, enteropathy (aka mucositis) is an unfavorable side effect of this drug.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lactobacillus brevis 47 f Strain Protects the Murine Intestine from Enteropathy Induced by 5-Fluorouracil

et al. 2020

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We report that the results of our study indicate that Lactobacillus brevis 47 f strain isolated from the faeces of a healthy individual prevents the manifestations of experimental mucositis induced by treatment of Balb/c mice with the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5 FU; 100 mg/kg i.p. × 3 days). The presence of damage to the intestine and the colon was determined by a morphometric analysis of specimens including the height of villi, the amount of goblet cells and infiltrating mononuclear cells, and the expression of the proliferative Ki-67 antigen. Changes in the lipid peroxidation in the blood and the intestine were determined by severalfold increase of the concentration of malonic dialdehyde. Oral administration of L. brevis 47 f strain prior to 5 FU decreased the drug-induced morphological and biochemical changes to their respective physiological levels; the ability of intestinal epitheliocytes to express Ki-67 was partially restored. These effects of L. brevis 47 f strain were more pronounced or similar to those of the reference compound Rebamipid, a quinoline derivative known to protect the gut from drug-induced toxicity. Thus, the new lactobacilli strain attenuates the severity of 5 FU-induced enteropathy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lactobacillus brevis 47 f Strain Protects the Murine Intestine from Enteropathy Induced by 5-Fluorouracil

et al. 2020

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“…ICIs act by blocking pathways of negative regulation of the immune system, in order to enhance antitumor immune response. Due to the general dysregulation of immune homeostasis, ICIs induce a broad spectrum of side effects potentially involving any organ, known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs) (57). irAEs occur more commonly in patients on anti-CTLA-4 treatment as compared with those taking anti-PD-1/-L1, and the incidence of irAEs increases when these agents are used in combination.…”

Section: Lung Microbiota Cancer and Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intestinal dysbiosis leads to perturbation of gut immune homeostasis favoring the development of inflammatory processes and even tumoral processes (30,57). The permeability of the epithelial barriers, like intestinal and respiratory tract, is closely related to the luminal content and the interaction with the microbiota.…”

Section: Mucosal Barrier Integrity and Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota and Lung Cancer. Opportunities and Challenges for Improving Immunotherapy Efficacy

et al. 2020

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“…The gastrointestinal reaction is a commonly observed drug side effect especially for chemotherapeutical agents and is characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation (Ervin et al, 2020). Studies have revealed the pivotal role of gut microbiota in therapeutic and toxic outcomes of cancer therapy (Roy and Trinchieri, 2017;Gopalakrishnan et al, 2018;Gori et al, 2019) and gut microbiome can even be used as a tool to anticipate individual gastrointestinal toxicity (Wardill and Tissing, 2017). It is believed that reciprocal interactions between gut microbiota and innate immunity contributes to chemotherapyinduced gastrointestinal toxicity (Secombe et al, 2019) and modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics has been proven to attenuate gastrointestinal toxicity of cancer therapy in human trials (Ciorba et al, 2015).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota-mediated Drug Gastrointestinal Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting the dots: targeting gut microbiota in drug toxicity

Luo¹,

Zhou²

2020

Preprint

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Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to have a vast influence on human health in recent decades and its role in initiating, aggravating, or ameliorating diseases is emerging. Therapeutic strategies have therefore increasingly developed by targeting gut microbial modulation. Recently, its contribution to heterogeneous toxicological responses is also gaining attention, especially in drug-induced toxicity. Oral drugs interact directly with gut microbiota within the gastrointestinal tract and a number of them elicit toxicity mediated by intestinal microbiota. Present studies focus more on the unidirectional influence of how xenobiotics disturb intestinal microbial composition and function and consequently induce altered homeostasis. However, interactions between gut microbiota and xenobiotics are bidirectional and the impact of gut microbiota on xenobiotics especially on drugs should not be neglected. Thus, in this review, we intend to focus on how gut microbiota modulates drug toxicity by highlighting gut microbiota, microbial enzyme, and metabolites to proffer references for seeking common countermeasures in coping with drug toxicity by targeting gut microbiota. Moreover, we give a hypothesis that drugs capable of inducing gut dysbiosis tend to more or less impact the gut-connected organs as evidenced by the drug-induced hepatic encephalopathy, indicating an underlying link among the gut, liver, brain, and other possible organs in drug-induced toxicity.

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Gut microbiota and cancer: How gut microbiota modulates activity, efficacy and toxicity of antitumoral therapy

Cited by 125 publications

References 74 publications

The Lactobacillus brevis 47 f Strain Protects the Murine Intestine from Enteropathy Induced by 5-Fluorouracil

The Lactobacillus brevis 47 f Strain Protects the Murine Intestine from Enteropathy Induced by 5-Fluorouracil

Microbiota and Lung Cancer. Opportunities and Challenges for Improving Immunotherapy Efficacy

Connecting the dots: targeting gut microbiota in drug toxicity

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