Gut Microbiota and Diarrhea: An Updated Review

Li, Yunxia; Xia, Siting; Jiang, Xiaohan; Feng, Chao; Gong, Saiming; Ma, Jie; Fang, Zhengfeng; Yin, Jie; Yin, Yan

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.625210

Cited by 125 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…A broad range of beneficial effects on human health has been associated with Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium , promoting the use of strains of these genera as probiotics [116] , [117] , [118] , [119] . Probiotics are currently considered to exert anti-diarrheal action through different mechanisms such as homeostasis regulation of the microbiota, immune system activation, manipulation of the intestinal defense barrier, and the production of certain metabolites [120] . For instance, certain Bifidobacterium strains can inhibit growth and adhesion to epithelial cells of some enteropathogens [121] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the universal healthy human gut microbiota around the World

Piquer-Esteban

Ruiz-Ruiz

Arnau

et al. 2022

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the universal healthy human gut microbiota around the World

Piquer-Esteban

Ruiz-Ruiz

Arnau

et al. 2022

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

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“…Changes in the gut microbial community not only lead to gastrointestinal diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diarrhea (37,38), but also cause diseases outside the digestive system, including central nervous system disorders (39), cardiovascular disease (40), etc. The gut microbial imbalance may also result in functional diarrhea (41,42). Beneficial microbes can form a biological barrier by competing for intestinal mucosa cells, preventing pathogenic and conditional pathogenic microbes from invading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbial Alterations in Diarrheal Baer's Pochards (Aythya baeri)

Qin

Song

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The structure and composition of gut microbiota correlate with the occurrence and development of host health and disease. Diarrhea can cause alterations in gut microbiota in animals, and the changes in the gut microbial structure and composition may affect the development of diarrhea. However, there is a scarcity of information on the effects of diarrhea on gut fungal composition and structure, particularly in Baer's pochard (Aythya baeri). The current study was performed for high-throughput sequencing of the fungal-specific internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) to detect the differences of gut mycobiota in healthy and diarrheal Baer's pochard. Results showed that the gut mycobiota not only decreased significantly in diversity but also in structure and composition. Statistical analysis between two groups revealed a significant decrease in the abundance of phylum Rozellomycota, Zoopagomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Kickxellomycota in diarrheal Baer's pochard. At the genus levels, fungal relative abundance changed significantly in 95 genera, with 56 fungal genera, such as Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, Penicillium, Cystofilobasidium, and Filobasidium, increasing significantly in the gut of the diarrheal Baer's pochard. In conclusion, the current study revealed the discrepancy in the gut fungal diversity and community composition between the healthy and diarrheal Baer's pochard, laying the basis for elucidating the relationship between diarrhea and the gut mycobiota in Baer's pochard.

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“…Intestinal microbiota, which is closely associated with human health, has been a research hotspot. The derangement of intestinal microflora is the hallmark of diarrhea [5]. Probiotics are live microorganisms and have been proved to be beneficial for treating diarrhea [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Probiotics are live microorganisms and have been proved to be beneficial for treating diarrhea [6,7]. Probiotics show antidiarrheal activity via several mechanisms, including promoting intestinal microflora balance, enhancing host immunity, and enhancing the gut barrier function [5,[8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which Probiotic Is the Most Effective for Treating Acute Diarrhea in Children? A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Zhu

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Acute diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five. Probiotics are beneficial for treating acute diarrhea in children, but unclear which specific probiotic is the most effective. We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis to examine the comparative effectiveness of probiotics. By searching EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library up to 31 March 2021, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on probiotics for treating acute diarrhea in children were included. Primary outcomes included the duration of diarrhea and diarrhea lasting ≥2 days, and secondary outcomes included the mean stool frequency on day 2 and duration of hospitalization, fever, and vomiting. We assessed the certainty of the evidence of outcomes according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guideline. Eighty-four studies with twenty-one different interventions in 13,443 children were included. For the primary outcomes, moderate evidence indicated that, Lactobacillus reuteri [mean difference (MD) = −0.84 day; 95% confidence interval (CI), −1.39, −0.29], Bifidobacterium lactis (MD = −0.98 day; 95%CI, −1.82, −0.14), Saccharomyces boulardii (MD = −1.25 day; 95%CI, −1.59, −0.91), Lactobacillus species (spp.) plus Bifidobacterium spp. plus Saccharomyces spp. (MD = −1.19 day; 95%CI, −1.81, −0.58), and Bacillus spp. plus Enterococcus spp. plus Clostridium spp. (MD = −1.1 day; 95%CI, −1.84, −0.35) significantly reduced the duration of diarrhea when compared with placebo. Saccharomyces boulardii [Odds ratio (OR) = 0.22; 95%CI, 0.11, 0.41] and Lactobacillus reuteri (OR = 0.23; 95%CI, 0.090, 0.60) significantly reduced the risk of diarrhea lasting ≥2 days when compared with placebo or no treatment, with moderate evidence. Among all probiotics, Saccharomyces boulardii may be the most effective in reducing both duration of diarrhea (compared with placebo) and risk of diarrhea lasting ≥2 days (compared with placebo or no treatment), with moderate evidence. To be conclusive, Saccharomyces boulardii may be the most effective probiotic for treating acute diarrhea in children, followed by several other single-strain and multi-strain probiotics.

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Gut Microbiota and Diarrhea: An Updated Review

Cited by 125 publications

References 106 publications

Exploring the universal healthy human gut microbiota around the World

Exploring the universal healthy human gut microbiota around the World

Gut Microbial Alterations in Diarrheal Baer's Pochards (Aythya baeri)

Which Probiotic Is the Most Effective for Treating Acute Diarrhea in Children? A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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