Gut Microbiota and Gynecological Cancers: A Summary of Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Future Directions

Borella, Fulvio; Carosso, Andrea; Cosma, Stefano; Preti, Mario; Collemi, Giammarco; Cassoni, Paola; Bertero, Luca; Benedetto, Chiara

doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00839

Cited by 45 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 261 publications

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“…In fact, any imbalance in the gut microbiome can cause corresponding physiological effects. Previous studies have shown that imbalances in the gut microbiota could lead to an increase in estrogen secretion (Plottel and Blaser, 2011), which was associated with endometriosis, endometrial cancer, and other uterine diseases (Borella et al, 2021). However, its role in endometritis remains poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Intestinal Metabolomics and Microbiota Analysis for Acute Endometritis Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice

Dong

Yuan

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Endometritis is generally caused by bacterial infections, including both acute and chronic infections. In the past few decades, accumulated evidence showed that the occurrence of diseases might be related to gut microbiota. The progression of diseases is previously known to change the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota. Additionally, it also causes corresponding changes in metabolites, primarily by affecting the physiological processes of microbiota. However, the effects of acute endometritis on intestinal microbiota and its metabolism remain unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the effects of acute endometritis on intestinal microbes and their metabolites. Briefly, endometritis was induced in 30 specific pathogen-free (SPF) BALB/c female mice via intrauterine administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after anesthesia. Following this, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatogram-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were performed. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Klebsiella, Lachnoclostridium_5, and Citrobacter was found to be greater in the LPS group than in the control group. Importantly, the control group exhibited a higher ratio of Christensenellaceae_R−7_group and Parasutterella. Furthermore, intestinal metabolomics analysis in mice showed that acute endometritis altered the concentration of intestinal metabolites and affected biological oxidation, energy metabolism, and biosynthesis of primary bile acids. The correlation analysis between microbial diversity and metabolome provided a basis for a comprehensive understanding of the composition and function of the microbial community. Altogether, the findings of this study would be helpful in the prevention and treatment of acute endometritis in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Intestinal Metabolomics and Microbiota Analysis for Acute Endometritis Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice

Dong

Yuan

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Changes in the microbiome associated to cancerogenesis were also observed for prostate carcinoma and breast cancer [32,33] and could explain our findings as increased incidence of prostate cancer or breast cancer appears to be associated with IBS. Furthermore, chronic inflammation and activation of the immune system may promote extraintestinal tumorigenesis, e.g., gynecological tumors like endometrial, cervical or ovarian cancer [34]. At least in a subgroup of IBS patients, an increased cytokine release was found to be connected to a low-grade inflammatory reaction [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Cancer in Patients with Irritable Bowl Syndrome

Loosen

Jördens

Luedde

et al. 2021

JCM

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(1) Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) represents one of the most common disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI). As recent data has suggested an increased cancer incidence for IBS patients, there is an ongoing debate whether IBS might be associated with a risk of cancer development. In the present study, we evaluated and compared incidence rates of different malignancies including gastrointestinal cancer in a large cohort of outpatients, with or without IBS, treated in general practices in Germany. (2) Methods: We matched a cohort of 21,731 IBS patients from the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database documented between 2000 and 2019 in 1284 general practices to a cohort of equal size without IBS. Incidence of cancer diagnoses were evaluated using Cox regression models during a 10-year follow-up period. (3) Results: In 11.9% of patients with IBS compared to 8.0% without IBS, cancer of any type was diagnosed within 10 years following the index date (p < 0.001). In a regression analysis, this association was confirmed in female (HR: 1.68, p < 0.001) and male (HR = 1.57, p < 0.001) patients as well as in patients of all age groups. In terms of cancer entity, 1.9% of patients with and 1.3% of patients without IBS were newly diagnosed with cancer of digestive organs (p < 0.001). Among non-digestive cancer entities, the strongest association was observed for skin cancer (HR = 1.87, p < 0.001), followed by prostate cancer in men (HR = 1.81, p < 0.001) and breast cancer in female patients (HR = 1.80, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: Our data suggest that IBS might be associated with cancer of the digestive organs as well as with non-digestive cancer entities. However, our findings do not prove causality and further research is warranted as the association could be attributed to life style factors that were not documented in the database.

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“…In summary, an abundance of Clostridiales in gut microbiome correlated to patients who respond positively to PD-1 blockade therapy, while the nonresponders’ microbiomes were enriched with Bacteroidale [ 76 ]. In addition, the previously mentioned studies have demonstrated that there are three species ( Bifidobacterium , Akkermansia muciniphila , and Faecalibacterium ) that could be considered to be immune adjuvants in PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.…”

Section: Modulation Of Antitumoural Therapies Efficacy and Toxicity By Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut and Endometrial Microbiome Dysbiosis: A New Emergent Risk Factor for Endometrial Cancer

Boutriq

González-González

Plaza-Andrades

et al. 2021

JPM

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Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynaecological malignancies worldwide. Histologically, two types of endometrial cancer with morphological and molecular differences and also therapeutic implications have been identified. Type I endometrial cancer has an endometrioid morphology and is estrogen-dependent, while Type II appears with non-endometrioid differentiation and follows an estrogen-unrelated pathway. Understanding the molecular biology and genetics of endometrial cancer is crucial for its prognosis and the development of novel therapies for its treatment. However, until now, scant attention has been paid to environmental components like the microbiome. Recently, due to emerging evidence that the uterus is not a sterile cavity, some studies have begun to investigate the composition of the endometrial microbiome and its role in endometrial cancer. In this review, we summarize the current state of this line of investigation, focusing on the relationship between gut and endometrial microbiome and inflammation, estrogen metabolism, and different endometrial cancer therapies.

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Gut Microbiota and Gynecological Cancers: A Summary of Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Future Directions

Cited by 45 publications

References 261 publications

Combined Intestinal Metabolomics and Microbiota Analysis for Acute Endometritis Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice

Combined Intestinal Metabolomics and Microbiota Analysis for Acute Endometritis Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice

Incidence of Cancer in Patients with Irritable Bowl Syndrome

Gut and Endometrial Microbiome Dysbiosis: A New Emergent Risk Factor for Endometrial Cancer

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