Gut Microbiota and Its Mysteries

Pushpanathan, Premalatha; Mathew, Gifty Sara; Selvarajan, Sribal; Seshadri, Krishna G; Srikanth, Padma

doi:10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_19_373

Cited by 102 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In the past years, more and more researchers have pointed out the very important role of the gut microbiome in human health (51,52). An imbalance of microbes in the intestines may contribute not only to local bowel-related diseases, but to a wide range of disorders affecting even distant organs such as brain and lung (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S-Layer From Lactobacillus brevis Modulates Antigen-Presenting Cell Functions via the Mincle-Syk-Card9 Axis

et al. 2021

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C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that are crucial in the innate immune response. The gastrointestinal tract contributes significantly to the maintenance of immune homeostasis; it is the shelter for billions of microorganisms including many genera of Lactobacillus sp. Previously, it was shown that host-CLR interactions with gut microbiota play a crucial role in this context. The Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a Syk-coupled CLR that contributes to sensing of mucosa-associated commensals. In this study, we identified Mincle as a receptor for the Surface (S)-layer of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus brevis modulating GM-CSF bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) functions. We found that the S-layer/Mincle interaction led to a balanced cytokine response in BMDCs by triggering the release of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, BMDCs derived from Mincle−/−, CARD9−/− or conditional Syk−/− mice failed to maintain this balance, thus leading to an increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6, whereas the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β were markedly decreased. Importantly, this was accompanied by an altered CD4+ T cell priming capacity of Mincle−/− BMDCs resulting in an increased CD4+ T cell IFN-γ production upon stimulation with L. brevis S-layer. Our results contribute to the understanding of how commensal bacteria regulate antigen-presenting cell (APC) functions and highlight the importance of the Mincle/Syk/Card9 axis in APCs as a key factor in host-microbiota interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S-Layer From Lactobacillus brevis Modulates Antigen-Presenting Cell Functions via the Mincle-Syk-Card9 Axis

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, targeting the microbiota and its related compounds, we may understand and maximize the results of existing therapies such as lifestyle interventions, and importantly diet, bariatric surgery and even received pharmacological treatment. Furthermore, it has been reported that focusing on microbiota also makes it possible to treat mood disorders derived from diabesity [ 177 ]. Hence, taking gut microbiota into consideration might consititute a very useful target for understanding this condition.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota In Diabesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Obesity (Diabesity). The Central Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Translational Applications

et al. 2020

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Obesity is a condition of rising prevalence worldwide, with important socioeconomic implications, being considered as a growing public health concern. Frequently, obesity brings other complications in addition to itself—like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)—sharing origin, risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. In this context, some authors have decided to include both conditions as a unique entity known as “diabesity”. In fact, understanding diabesity as a single disease is possible to maximise the benefits from therapies received in these patients. Gut microbiota plays a key role in individual’s health, and their alterations, either in its composition or derived products are related to a wide range of metabolic disorders like T2DM and obesity. The present work aims to collect the different changes reported in gut microbiota in patients with T2DM associated with obesity and their possible role in the onset, development, and establishment of the disease. Moreover, current research lines to modulate gut microbiota and the potential clinical translation derived from the knowledge of this system will also be reviewed, which may provide support for a better clinical management of such a complex condition.

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“…It was largely depended on intestinal microbial disorders and increased intestinal permeability. 21 , 22 According to our data, despite of the rehabilitation of Lactobacillus , the balance of intestinal microbiota of SHRs after valsartan administration was not powerful enough. So, we further focused on the intestinal mucosal barrier.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

An Insight Into Intestinal Microbiota of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats After Valsartan Administration

Jiang

et al. 2021

Dose-Response

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It has been proven a close relationship between intestinal microbiota and hypertension. Valsartan is a widely used ARB antihypertensive drug; so far, the effect of valsartan on intestinal microbiota remains largely unexplored. Herein, we evaluated the composition, structure and metabolites of intestinal microbiota of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) after valsartan administration. In the present study, valsartan administration decreased intestinal microbiota diversity, altered gut microbiota composition, leading to 192 unique OTUs deficiency ( vs WKY rats) and 10 unique OTUs deficiency ( vs SHRs) and did not prove impaired intestinal mucosal barriers. Valsartan decreased the production of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in SCFAs. Our findings revealed valsartan administration induced far-reaching and robust changes to the intestinal microbiota of SHRs and provided a better understanding of the relationship between efficacy of valsartan and gastrointestinal tract reaction.

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Gut Microbiota and Its Mysteries

Cited by 102 publications

References 49 publications

S-Layer From Lactobacillus brevis Modulates Antigen-Presenting Cell Functions via the Mincle-Syk-Card9 Axis

S-Layer From Lactobacillus brevis Modulates Antigen-Presenting Cell Functions via the Mincle-Syk-Card9 Axis

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Obesity (Diabesity). The Central Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Translational Applications

An Insight Into Intestinal Microbiota of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats After Valsartan Administration

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