Gut microbiota and major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sanada, Kenji; Nakajima, Shinichiro; Kurokawa, Shunya; Barceló‐Soler, Alberto; Ikuse, Daisuke; Hirata, Akihito; Yoshizawa, Akira; Tomizawa, Yoshihiro; Salas-Valero, Montserrat; Noda, Yoshihiro; Mimura, Masaru; Iwanami, Akira; Kishimoto, Toshifumi

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.102

Cited by 263 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Additionally, no significant difference in α-diversity was noted between the PPD group and HC group. Similarly, a recent research revealed that there were no significant differences in the Shannon's index and Simpson's index between patients with MDD and non-depressed controls (Sanada et al, 2020 ). However, β-diversity of gut microbiota, referring to the sample-based differences, was markedly greater in the PPD group than those in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Fecal Microbiota Changes in Patients With Postpartum Depressive Disorder

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Postpartum depressive disorder (PPD) is a unique subtype of major depressive disorder and a substantial contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. However, the pathogenesis of PPD has still remained elusive, and it may associate with genetic and environmental factors. Gut microbiota has already been proved to be associated with depression; however, a limited number of studies have concentrated on PPD. The present study aimed to explore the potential correlations between gut microbiota and PPD. In this study, 57 participants were enrolled, in which fecal samples of 28 patients with PPD and 16 healthy controls (HCs) were collected and then analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. The results showed that diversity and composition of gut microbial communities were partly different between PPD patients and HCs. The relative abundance of Firmicutes phyla was lower in PPD patients. The levels of several predominant genera were significantly different between PPD patients and HCs. More importantly, the PPD patients experienced reduced levels of Faecalibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Butyricicoccus , and Lachnospiraceae , as well as increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae family. In addition, a correlation was observed between levels of Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium , and Tyzzerella.3 and the severity of depressive symptoms. Various kinds of bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae and Faecalibacterium , were found to be associated with levels of sex hormones. This study indicated the correlation between gut microbiota and PPD, and gut microbiota-based biomarkers may be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of PPD patients. However, further studies need to be conducted to clarify the cause–effect relationship between PPD patients and gut microbiota and to highlight the suitability of gut microbiome as a biomarker.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Fecal Microbiota Changes in Patients With Postpartum Depressive Disorder

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…However, the literature on alpha-diversity in psychiatric populations has been mixed (e.g., no differences Shen et al, 2018;Coello et al, 2019;Painold et al, 2019;Zheng et al, 2016;Naseribafrouei et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2018), decreased (Zheng et al, 2019;Huang et al, 2018;Ma et al, 2020), and increased (Zhu et al, 2020;Jiang et al, 2015). A recent meta-analysis of the gut microbiota in major depressive disorder revealed no difference in alpha-diversity between patients and NCs (Sanada et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome in Schizophrenia: Altered functional pathways related to immune modulation and atherosclerotic risk

Nguyen

Kościółek

Daly

et al. 2021

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Emerging evidence has linked the gut microbiome changes to schizophrenia. However, there has been limited research into the functional pathways by which the gut microbiota contributes to the phenotype of persons with chronic schizophrenia. We characterized the composition and functional potential of the gut microbiota in 48 individuals with chronic schizophrenia and 48 matched (sequencing plate, age, sex, BMI, and antibiotic use) non-psychiatric comparison subjects (NCs) using 16S rRNA sequencing. Patients with schizophrenia demonstrated significant beta-diversity differences in microbial composition and predicted genetic functional potential compared to NCs. Alpha-diversity of taxa and functional pathways were not different between groups. Random forests analyses revealed that the microbiome predicts differentiation of patients with schizophrenia from NCs using taxa (75% accuracy) and functional profiles (67% accuracy for KEGG orthologs, 70% for MetaCyc pathways). We utilized a new compositionally-aware method incorporating reference frames to identify differentially abundant microbes and pathways, which revealed that Lachnospiraceae is associated with schizophrenia. Functional pathways related to trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase and Kdo 2-lipid A biosynthesis were altered in schizophrenia. These metabolic pathways were associated with inflammatory cytokines and risk for coronary heart disease in schizophrenia. Findings suggest potential mechanisms by which the microbiota may impact the pathophysiology of the disease through modulation of functional pathways related to immune signaling/response and lipid and glucose regulation to be further investigated in future studies.

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“…Compared to non-depressed controls, patients with MDD show specific alterations of several taxa at family and genus levels, specifically the family of Prevotellaceae, genus Coprococcus and Faecalibacterium, which were shown to be decreased [69]. Due to this alterations, probiotics were thought to exert positive effects on the gut microflora and continue to be studied in randomized controlled trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a meta-analysis by Ng et al (2018) with 10 clinical trials showed that only individuals with mild to moderate depression improved symptoms, while there were no significant effects in healthy individuals [71]. A recent meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials indicates a significant improvement of depressive symptomatology followed by probiotic supplements [69]. Although there are some promising results in depression, further randomized controlled trials are needed to determine their efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-6 Gene Expression Changes after a 4-Week Intake of a Multispecies Probiotic in Major Depressive Disorder—Preliminary Results of the PROVIT Study

et al. 2020

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent disease, in which one third of sufferers do not respond to antidepressants. Probiotics have the potential to be well-tolerated and cost-efficient treatment options. However, the molecular pathways of their effects are not fully elucidated yet. Based on previous literature, we assume that probiotics can positively influence inflammatory mechanisms. We aimed at analyzing the effects of probiotics on gene expression of inflammation genes as part of the randomized, placebo-controlled, multispecies probiotics PROVIT study in Graz, Austria. Fasting blood of 61 inpatients with MDD was collected before and after four weeks of probiotic intake or placebo. We analyzed the effects on gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In IL-6 we found no significant main effects for group (F(1,44) = 1.33, p = ns) nor time (F(1,44) = 0.00, p = ns), but interaction was significant (F(1,44) = 5.67, p < 0.05). The intervention group showed decreasing IL-6 gene expression levels while the placebo group showed increasing gene expression levels of IL-6. Probiotics could be a useful additional treatment in MDD, due to their anti-inflammatory effects. Results of the current study are promising, but further studies are required to investigate the beneficial effects of probiotic interventions in depressed individuals.

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Gut microbiota and major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 263 publications

References 62 publications

Fecal Microbiota Changes in Patients With Postpartum Depressive Disorder

Fecal Microbiota Changes in Patients With Postpartum Depressive Disorder

Gut microbiome in Schizophrenia: Altered functional pathways related to immune modulation and atherosclerotic risk

Interleukin-6 Gene Expression Changes after a 4-Week Intake of a Multispecies Probiotic in Major Depressive Disorder—Preliminary Results of the PROVIT Study

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