Gut microbiota and obesity: An opportunity to alter obesity through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT)

Lee, Patrick; Yacyshyn, Bruce; Yacyshyn, Mary Beth

doi:10.1111/dom.13561

Cited by 113 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(373 reference statements)

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“…A few data have demonstrated that the formation of gut microbiota could be reshaped to improve or control disease status (Shen et al, 2015). Fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) is a method to treat diseases by reconstructing the microbiota (Lee et al, 2018). There is increasing evidence regarding the treatment potential of FMT based on an already developed clinical plan that has been the first-line therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infections (Cammarota et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Reverses Insulin Resistance and Impaired Islets

Wang

Lei

Yan

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

159

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Type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic disorder related to insulin resistance, or deficiency of insulin secretion, caused by decreased insulin sensitivity and destruction of islet structure and function. As the second human genome, the microbiota has been observed to have a growing relationship with diabetes in recent years. Microbiota imbalance has been hypothesized to be involved in the regulation of energy metabolism and the inflammatory immune response in diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate whether fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could alleviate the symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes. To this end, a type 2 diabetes mouse model was first established through the consumption of a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (100 mg/kg), and FMT was used to rebuild the gut microbiota of diabetic mice. Fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance tests, and HbA1c levels were monitored, while the hypoglycemic effects of FMT were also observed. Insulin levels were tested by ELISA and related indexes such as HOMA-IR, HOMA-IS, and HOMA-β were calculated. We found that insulin resistance and pancreatic islet β-cells were improved after FMT treatment. Meanwhile, the markers of inflammation in the pancreatic tissue were detected by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, which indicated that inflammatory response decreased following FMT treatment. Furthermore, flow cytometry and western blot results revealed that FMT inhibited the β-cell apoptosis. Here, the effect of FMT on hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes was addressed by improving insulin resistance and repairing impaired islets, thereby providing a potential treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Reverses Insulin Resistance and Impaired Islets

Wang

Lei

Yan

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

159

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“…History of chronic, systemic autoimmune disorders with GI involvement 19 History of, or high risk for, GI cancer or polyposis 20…”

Section: Clinical Examination Questionnaire and Interviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Donor to Patient: Collection, Preparation and Cryopreservation of Fecal Samples for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

Nicco

Paule²,

Konturek

et al. 2020

Diseases

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is suggested as an efficacious therapeutic strategy for restoring intestinal microbial balance, and thus for treating disease associated with alteration of gut microbiota. FMT consists of the administration of fresh or frozen fecal microorganisms from a healthy donor into the intestinal tract of diseased patients. At this time, in according to healthcare authorities, FMT is mainly used to treat recurrent Clostridium difficile. Despite the existence of a few existing stool banks worldwide and many studies of the FMT, there is no standard method for producing material for FMT, and there are a multitude of factors that can vary between the institutions. The main constraints for the therapeutic uses of FMT are safety concerns and acceptability. Technical and logistical issues arise when establishing such a non-standardized treatment into clinical practice with safety and proper governance. In this context, our manuscript describes a process of donor safety screening for FMT compiling clinical and biological examinations, questionnaires and interviews of donors. The potential risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus by the use of fecal microbiota for transplantation must be taken urgently into consideration. We discuss a standardized procedure of collection, preparation and cryopreservation of fecal samples through to the administration of material to patients, and explore the risks and limits of this method of FMT. The future success of medicine employing microbiota transplantation will be tightly related to its modulation and manipulation to combat dysbiosis. To achieve this goal, standard and strict methods need to be established before performing any type of FMT.This procedure could be also indicated to treat other diseases associated with alteration of gut microbiota [5].The use of FMT was proposed from the 4th century AD and has been widely studied and documented since 2013, when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved FMT for the treatment of recurrent and refractory Clostridium difficile infections. In the 4th century yellow soup, as it was called in China, represented the feces used in patients with severe diarrhea. Accounts of treatment with fresh or fermented fecal suspensions applied in patients with gastrointestinal disorders, including diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain were described until the Chinese Ming Dynasty in the 16th century [6,7]. More recently, Eiseman and his colleagues successfully treated patients with FMT for Pseudomembranous colitis, in 1958, the first report in the medical literature [8]. With the increasing numbers of trials and the sharing of results around the world, mixed results have been observed, suggesting that heterogeneity in donor stool may play a role in patient response. Studies hypothesize that the microbiome is associated with a given indication [6][7][8]. Thus, fecal material collections should be informed by the health of the donors but also categorized to associate the donor with a recipient as part of a selection s...

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“…The microbiome, the collective genome of all the microbiota, can have a major influence on the immune system in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and lung. Imbalances in microbiota composition (dysbiosis) have been associated with many inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the GI tract, 1–3 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma in the lung as well as other systemic and metabolic diseases (e.g., gout, liver disease, obesity, type II diabetes, and psychologic disorders), 4–12 and even in cardiovascular health and diseases (reviewed in Ref. 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the microbiome and the NLRP3 inflammasome in the gut and lung

Donovan

Liu

Shen

et al. 2020

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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The nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, is one of the most well‐characterized inflammasomes, activated by pathogen‐associated molecular patterns and damage‐associated molecular patterns, including from commensal or pathogenic bacterial and viral infections. The NLRP3 inflammasome promotes inflammatory cell recruitment and regulates immune responses in tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract and the lung, and is involved in many diseases that affect the gut and lung. Recently, the microbiome in the gut and the lung, and the crosstalk between these organs (gut–lung axis), has been identified as a potential mechanism that may influence disease in a bidirectional manner. In this review, we focus on themes presented in this area at the 2019 World Congress on Inflammation. We discuss recent evidence on how the microbiome can affect NLRP3 inflammasome responses in the gut and lung, the role of this inflammasome in regulating gut and lung inflammation in disease, and its potential role in the gut–lung axis. We highlight the exponential increase in our understanding of the NLRP3 inflammasome due to the synthesis of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, MCC950, and propose future studies that may further elucidate the roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in gut and lung diseases.

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Gut microbiota and obesity: An opportunity to alter obesity through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT)

Cited by 113 publications

References 112 publications

Promising Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Reverses Insulin Resistance and Impaired Islets

Promising Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Reverses Insulin Resistance and Impaired Islets

From Donor to Patient: Collection, Preparation and Cryopreservation of Fecal Samples for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

The role of the microbiome and the NLRP3 inflammasome in the gut and lung

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