Gut microbiota as an antioxidant system in centenarians associated with high antioxidant activities of gut-resident Lactobacillus

Abstract

The gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and longevity, and the gut microbiota of centenarians shows unique characteristics. Nowadays, most microbial research on longevity is usually limited to the bioinformatics level, lacking validating information on culturing functional microorganisms. Here, we combined metagenomic sequencing and large-scale in vitro culture to reveal the unique gut microbial structure of the world’s longevity town—Jiaoling, China, centenarians and people of different ages. Functional strains were isolated and screened in vitro, and the possible relationship between gut microbes and longevity was explored and validated in vivo. 247 healthy Cantonese natives of different ages participated in the study, including 18 centenarians. Compared with young adults, the gut microbiota of centenarians exhibits higher microbial diversity, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, oxidoreductases, and multiple species (the potential probiotics Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, the methanogenic Methanobrevibacter, gut butyrate-producing members Roseburia, and SCFA-producing species uncl Clostridiales, uncl Ruminococcaceae) known to be beneficial to host metabolism. These species are constantly changing with age. We also isolated 2055 strains from these samples by large-scale in vitro culture, most of which were detected by metagenomics, with clear complementarity between the two approaches. We also screened an age-related gut-resident Lactobacillus with independent intellectual property rights, and its metabolite (L-ascorbic acid) and itself have good antioxidant effects. Our findings underscore the existence of age-related trajectories in the human gut microbiota, and that distinct gut microbiota and gut-resident as antioxidant systems may contribute to health and longevity.

Gut Microbe-Metabolite Profiles Are Associated with Microbial Pathways of Longevity in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted in China

“…Furthermore, the group LW enriched in microbial-associated essential metabolic functions in class 2, such as amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and lipid metabolism. This finding is consistent with previous studies, particularly regarding carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism, which were increased after being injected with Lactobacillus in oxidatively damaged mice [39]. Furthermore, the modulation of alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism contributes to antioxidant and anti-aging properties in mammals [40].…”

Longevity-Associated Core Gut Microbiota Mining and Effect of Mediated Probiotic Combinations on Aging Mice: Case Study of a Long-Lived Population in Guangxi, China

“…In addition, strains of Bacteroides , including B. fragilis , are considered the “next generation of probiotics” and could be used in dietary supplements as a potential strategy to promote human health [ 30 ]. On the other hand, Wu and colleagues [ 31 ] found that Lactobacillus in the intestine of centenarians helped build an antioxidant system, thus promoting a long and healthy life. Park et al [ 32 ] found that among 18 lactic acid bacteria obtained from screening in Korean long-lived elderly, Lactobacillus fermentum showed better potential probiotic properties.…”

Propionic Acid Driven by the Lactobacillus johnsonii Culture Supernatant Alleviates Colitis by Inhibiting M1 Macrophage Polarization by Modulating the MAPK Pathway in Mice

“…For the first 7 days, the control and DSS groups were instilled with PBS (200 μL per mouse per day). L. johnsonii and its culture supernatant were separated by centrifugation (10 000 rpm for 5 min), and L. johnsonii was resuspended in PBS and administered to mice by instillation (5 × 10 9 colony-forming units/mL, 200 μL per mouse per day). , The L. johnsonii CS group was instilled with the L. johnsonii culture supernatant (200 μL per mouse per day). From day 8 to day 14, the three groups were treated with a 2.5% DSS (MP Biomedicals) solution, except for the control group, which drank normally.…”