Gut microbiota dependant trimethylamine N-oxide and hypertension

Mutengo, Katongo Hope; Masenga, Sepiso K.; Mweemba, Aggrey; Mutale, Wilbroad; Kirabo, Annet

doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1075641

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 169 publications

(290 reference statements)

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“…SCFAs could affect BP by activating the G protein‐coupled receptor pathway when they were absorbed by the intestinal epithelium into the host circulatory system 52 . TMAO could induce oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in vascular endothelium, damage the production and bioavailability of endothelial nitric oxide, resulting in endothelial dysfunction, vasoconstriction and elevated BP 53 . In addition, the GM may also stimulate sympathetic drives through enteric nervous system‐brain interactions or by promoting neuroinflammation, while increased sympathetic activity may promote the development of hypertension by stimulating low‐grade systemic inflammation 54 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 52 TMAO could induce oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in vascular endothelium, damage the production and bioavailability of endothelial nitric oxide, resulting in endothelial dysfunction, vasoconstriction and elevated BP. 53 In addition, the GM may also stimulate sympathetic drives through enteric nervous system‐brain interactions or by promoting neuroinflammation, while increased sympathetic activity may promote the development of hypertension by stimulating low‐grade systemic inflammation. 54 We conducted subgroup analysis based on sample size, study population, and sequencing methods, and found that the study population may be the source of heterogeneity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut microbiota changes in patients with hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cai,

Lin,

Jiang

et al. 2023

J of Clinical Hypertension

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Hypertension is a major public health issue worldwide. The imbalance of gut microbiota is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The authors conducted the systematic review and meta‐analysis to clarify the relationship between gut microbiota and hypertension through conducting an electronic search in six databases. Our meta‐analysis included 19 studies and the results showed that compared with healthy controls, Shannon significantly decreased in hypertension [SMD = −0.13, 95%CI (−0.22, −0.04), p = .007]; however, Simpson [SMD = −0.01, 95%CI (−0.14, 0.12), p = .87], ACE [SMD = 0.18, 95%CI (−0.06, 0.43), p = .14], and Chao1 [SMD = 0.11, 95%CI (−0.01, 0.23), p = .08] did not differ significantly between hypertension and healthy controls. The F/B ratio significantly increased in hypertension [SMD = 0.84, 95%CI (0.10, 1.58), p = .03]. In addition, Shannon index was negatively correlated with hypertension [r = −0.12, 95%CI (−0.19, −0.05)], but had no significant correlation with SBP [r = 0.10, 95%CI (−0.19, 0.37)] and DBP [r = −0.39, 95%CI (−0.73, 0.12)]. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes [SMD = −0.01, 95%CI (−0.37, 0.34), p = .94], Bacteroidetes [SMD = −0.15, 95%CI (−0.44, 0.14), p = .30], Proteobacteria [SMD = 0.25, 95%CI (−0.01, 0.51), p = .06], and Actinobacteria [SMD = 0.21, 95%CI (−0.11, 0.53), p = .21] did not differ significantly between hypertension and healthy controls. At the genus level, compared with healthy controls, the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium decreased significantly [SMD = −0.16, 95%CI (−0.28, −0.04), p = .01], while the Streptococcus [SMD = 0.20, 95%CI (0.08, 0.32), p = .001] and Enterococcus [SMD = 0.20, 95%CI (0.08, 0.33), p = .002] significantly increased in hypertension. Available evidence suggests that hypertensive patients may have an imbalance of gut microbiota. However, it still needs further validation by large sample size studies of high quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota changes in patients with hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cai,

Lin,

Jiang

et al. 2023

J of Clinical Hypertension

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“…Diets higher in animal foods tend to be associated with a greater risk of HTN [ 38 , 39 , 86 – 88 ]. They contain higher levels of saturated fat [ 89 , 90 ] and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) [ 91 ] and promote the formation of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) [ 92 ], which have all been linked to HTN and CVD. A more comprehensive review of the health harms of animal food consumption can be found elsewhere [ 93 •].…”

Section: Mechanistic Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Planting the Seed for Blood Pressure Control: The Role of Plant-Based Nutrition in the Management of Hypertension

Charles,

Habibullah,

Bautista

et al. 2024

Curr Cardiol Rep

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Purpose of Review Hypertension results in significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures. Fortunately, it is largely preventable and treatable by implementing dietary interventions, though these remain underutilized. Here, we aim to explore the role of healthy dietary patterns in hypertension management and describe approaches for busy clinicians to address nutrition effectively and efficiently with patients. Recent Findings DASH, Mediterranean, vegetarian, and vegan diets that include minimally processed, plant-based foods as core elements have consistently shown positive effects on hypertension. Recommendations that distill the most healthful components of these diets can significantly impact patient outcomes. Clinicians can harness evidence-based dietary assessment and counseling tools to implement and support behavioral changes, even during brief office visits. Summary Healthful plant-based dietary patterns can often effectively prevent and treat hypertension. Clinicians may help improve patient outcomes by discussing evidence-based nutrition with their patients. Future work to promote infrastructural change that supports incorporating evidence-based nutrition into medical education, clinical care, and society at large can support these efforts.

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“… 7 TMAO promotes the proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, by upregulating inflammatory factors 11,68 . Endothelial dysfunction has also been shown to be influenced by TMAO via inflammatory pathways that lead to endothelial hyperpermeability 58,69 . Furthermore, TMAO promotes the production of reactive oxygen species that adds to the impairment of endothelial function 58,70 .…”

Section: The Role Of Gut Microbiota In Pulmonary Hypertension (Ph)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota crosstalk mechanisms are key in pulmonary hypertension: The involvement of melatonin is instrumental too

Jacobs,

Payne,

Shaboodien

et al. 2023

Pulm. circ.

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The microbiota refers to a plethora of microorganisms with a gene pool of approximately three million, which inhabits the human gastrointestinal tract or gut. The latter, not only promotes the transport of nutrients, ions, and fluids from the lumen to the internal environment but is linked with the development of diseases including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and lung diseases. The exact mechanism of how the microbiota achieves crosstalk between itself and distant organs/tissues is not clear, but factors released to other organs may play a role, like inflammatory and genetic factors, and now we highlight melatonin as a novel mediator of the gut‐lung crosstalk. Melatonin is present in high concentrations in the gut and the lung and has recently been linked to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). In this comprehensive review of the literature, we suggest that melatonin is an important link between the gut microbiota and the development of PH (where suppressed melatonin‐crosstalk between the gut and lungs could promote the development of PH). More studies are needed to investigate the link between the gut microbiota, melatonin and PH. Studies could also investigate whether microbiota genes play a role in the epigenetic aspects of PH. This is relevant because, for example, dysbiosis (caused by epigenetic factors) could reduce melatonin signaling between the gut and lungs, reduce subcellular melatonin concentrations in the gut/lungs, or reduce melatonin serum levels secondary to epigenetic factors. This area of research is largely unexplored and further studies are warranted.

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Gut microbiota dependant trimethylamine N-oxide and hypertension

Cited by 17 publications

References 169 publications

Gut microbiota changes in patients with hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Gut microbiota changes in patients with hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Planting the Seed for Blood Pressure Control: The Role of Plant-Based Nutrition in the Management of Hypertension

Gut microbiota crosstalk mechanisms are key in pulmonary hypertension: The involvement of melatonin is instrumental too

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