Gut microbiota derived metabolites in cardiovascular health and disease

Wang, Zeneng; Zhao, Yang

doi:10.1007/s13238-018-0549-0

Cited by 336 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…The human body is inhabited by a huge number of microbes, most of which are bacteria and archaea, fungi and microeukaryotes . In fact, the gut is the home to more than 100 trillion microorganisms, which constitute approximately 10 times the number of cells and 100 times the number of genes that are encoded in the human body .…”

Section: The Integrity Of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Depends On Gut Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: insights on pathogenesis and treatment

Guo

Liu

Hao

2020

J of Digest Diseases

190

110

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Gut microbiota constitute the largest reservoir of the human microbiome and are an abundant and stable ecosystem—based on its diversity, complexity, redundancy, and host interactions This ecosystem is indispensable for human development and health. The integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier depends on its interactions with gut microbiota. The commensal bacterial community is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC). The dysbiosis of microbes is characterized by reduced biodiversity, abnormal composition of gut microbiota, altered spatial distribution, as well as interactions among microbiota, between different strains of microbiota, and with the host. The defects in microecology, with the related metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms, play a critical role in the innate immunity of the intestinal mucosa in UC. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used to treat many diseases related to gut microbiota, with the most promising outcome reported in antibiotic‐associated diarrhea, followed by IBD. This review evaluated the results of various reports of FMT in UC. The efficacy of FMT remains highly controversial, and needs to be regularized by integrated management, standardization of procedures, and individualization of treatment.

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Section: The Integrity Of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Depends On Gut Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: insights on pathogenesis and treatment

Guo

Liu

Hao

2020

J of Digest Diseases

190

110

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“…The human gut microbiota consist of a large number of bacteria, whose combined degradative and biochemical capabilities greatly exceed those of their host (Z. Wang & Zhao, ). Constituents of the gut microbiota have specialized enzymes (for example, polysaccharide lyases and glycoside hydrolases) capable of cleaving glycosidic bonds of DFs, yielding oligosaccharides and monosaccharides (Koropatkin, Cameron, & Martens, ; Lombard et al., ).…”

Section: Effects Of Dfs From Fruits and Vegetables On Intestinal Physmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fibers from Fruits and Vegetables and Their Health Benefits via Modulation of Gut Microbiota

Cui

Lian²,

Zhao

et al. 2019

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

162

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Dietary fibers (DFs) regulate host health through various mechanisms related to their dietary sources, specific physicochemical structures, fermentability, and physiological properties in the gut. Considering the numerous types and sources of DFs and their different physicochemical and physiological properties, it is challenging yet important to establish the key mechanisms for the beneficial health effects of DFs. In this review, the types and structures of DFs from different fruits and vegetables were summarized and the effects of different processing methods on DF properties were discussed. Moreover, the impacts of DFs on gut microbial ecology, host physiology, and health were described. Understanding the complex interaction between different DFs and gut microbiota is vital for personalized nutrition. It is also important to comprehend factors influencing gut microbiota and strategies to regulate the microbiota, thereby augmenting beneficial health responses. The exploration of molecular mechanism linking DFs, gut microbiota, and host physiology may allow for the identification of effective targets to fight against major chronic diseases.

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“…Phytochemicals from plant foods can also be modified by gut microbiota to produce compounds with higher levels of bioactivity . Daidzein and genistein, two common isoflavones present in soybeans, can be converted into s‐equol by gut bacteria and may therefore exhibit favorable efficacy for the prevention of diseases, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and CVD . Therefore, whether the effects of dietary components are beneficial or harmful may be dependent largely on the composition and function of the gut microbiota.…”

Section: Microbial Metabolites Are Messengers In the Gut–systemic Aximentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accumulating evidence suggests that microbiota‐derived small molecules could be key messengers conveyed from gut microbes to other parts of the human body . These small bioactive molecules, such as short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine N ‐oxide (TMAO), imidazole propionate, conjugated linoleic acid, and s‐equol, are derived mainly from the gut microbiota metabolism of dietary components such as dietary fibers, amino acids, fatty acids, and phytochemicals . Studies have suggested that gut microbiota‐derived metabolites play key roles in health maintenance and disease progression .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of gut microbial metabolites in cardiometabolic health and translational research

Hsu

Sheen

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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The human gut microbiota is a functioning endocrine organ and stands at the intersection between dietary components and health or disease. There are very many microbial metabolites with numerous structures and functions arising from the gut microbial fermentation of foods and become signals for biological communication in the human body. These small molecules can be absorbed and delivered to distant organs through the circulatory system to build the gut–systemic axis. The gut microbial metabolomes are thus believed to play important roles in regulating cardiometabolic health and provide opportunities in mechanistic research and new drug discovery. Measurement of these novel microbial metabolites in clinical samples may serve as a tool for investigating disease biomarkers. In the past decade, the development of untargeted and targeted metabolomics approaches using NMR, LC/MS, and GC/MS has contributed to the exploration of gut microbial metabolomes in cardiometabolic health and disease. Some important targets are currently being translated into clinical applications. In this review article, we introduce an oral carnitine challenge test developed as an example to demonstrate the potential applications in personalized nutrition based on the function of gut microbiota. It is a method taking the gut microbiota as a bioreactor and provides fermentable materials as inputs and measures the outputs of targeted microbial byproducts in the blood or urine. This challenge test may be extended to measure metabolites from microbial fermentation related to other endocrinological or inflammatory diseases. We review current gut metabolome research approaches and propose a gut microbial functional measurement using a challenge test. We suggest that the maturation in measuring gut microbial metabolites may provide an important piece to complete the puzzle of precision medicine.

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Gut microbiota derived metabolites in cardiovascular health and disease

Cited by 336 publications

References 186 publications

Gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: insights on pathogenesis and treatment

Gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: insights on pathogenesis and treatment

Dietary Fibers from Fruits and Vegetables and Their Health Benefits via Modulation of Gut Microbiota

Measurement of gut microbial metabolites in cardiometabolic health and translational research

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