Gut microbiota differs in composition between adults with type 1 diabetes with or without depression and healthy control participants: a case-control study

Abstract

Background Individuals with type 1 diabetes and those with depression show differences in the composition of the gut microbiome from that of healthy people. However, these differences have not yet been studied in patients with both diseases. Therefore, we compared the gut microbiome of people with type 1 diabetes with or without depression with matched healthy controls. Methods A case-control study was conducted in 20 adults with type 1 diabetes (group A), 20 adults with type 1 diabetes and depression (group B), and 20 healthy adults (group C). Gut microbiota composition was determined by sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rDNA and alpha and beta diversity was compared between the groups. Results Groups A and B both showed higher alpha diversity than the healthy control group (P < 0.001) but alpha diversity did not differ significantly between groups A and B. Participants having type 1 diabetes with (P < 0.05) or without comorbid depression (P < 0.001) differed regarding beta diversity from healthy controls but not between each other. Group B (diabetes with depression) had significantly higher abundance of Megaspaera than groups A and C. Both diabetes groups had a higher abundance of Christensenellaceae, Succinivibrionaceae, and Rhodospirillaceae than the healthy group but similar between-group abundances. Conclusions While differences in alpha and beta diversity and in some bacterial taxa occurred only between participants with diabetes and healthy controls, specific characteristics regarding the abundance of Megasphaera were observed in people with diabetes and comorbid depression. In summary, the study findings indicate a possible involvement of bacterial groups in depression in people with diabetes. The results suggest replication studies in larger samples to verify these findings.

Microbial and metabolomic profiles of type 1 diabetes with depression: A case–control study

“…Petrak et al found that the composition of the gut microbiota was associated with the development of depression in T1D, and no difference in α‐diversity was observed between T1D with depression and T1D without depression, while T1D with depression had a higher abundance of Megasphaera . 25 These findings hint at a potential link between specific bacterial groups and depression in people with diabetes. In our study, the Shannon, Chao1, and Ace indices of TD− were significantly higher than those of TD+, suggesting that TD+ had a lower α‐diversity of gut microbiota.…”

“…Currently, there are few studies that identified the microbial signature in T1D with depression. Petrak et al found that the composition of the gut microbiota was associated with the development of depression in T1D, and no difference in α‐diversity was observed between T1D with depression and T1D without depression, while T1D with depression had a higher abundance of Megasphaera 25 . These findings hint at a potential link between specific bacterial groups and depression in people with diabetes.…”

“…[18][19][20] In addition, metabolomic tools contributed to a better understanding of the role of gut microbiota in the development of mental disorders. 21,22 While the common biological mechanisms of type 2 diabetes and depression (including insulin resistance, hippocampal atrophy, and endothelial dysfunction) are becoming increasingly understood, 23,24 the corresponding evidence for T1D is still limited 25 and the correlations between microbial and metabolomic changes in T1D are currently rarely discussed. 26,27 In this study, we aimed to investigate microbial and metabolomic profiles and identify novel biomarkers for T1D with depression.…”

Gut microbiota induced abnormal amino acids and their correlation with diabetic retinopathy

“…Higher abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group was positively correlated with the concentrations of reactire oxygen species (ROS) due to its imparing mitochondrial function, protein carboxyl, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production [47] . Several studies reported that the abundance of Christenseniaceae was higher in patients with T1D and early renal function decline than in HC [48][49] . Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Alistipes enriched in PDR group were thought to be positively associated with low-grade inflammation.…”

Long-Term Impact of Childhood Adversity on the Gut Microbiome of Nursing Students

“…The presence of ACEs in their lives can exacerbate this risk even further, as studies have shown the association of high ACE with increased burnout severity and depressive symptoms among nursing students [40]. Additionally, research suggests that the gut microbiota may play a significant role in influencing the development and severity of depression [41][42][43][44]. For this reason, we The gut microbiome, influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors and life events such as diet, age, stress, genetics, disease, and antibiotics, varies significantly among individuals [20,21].…”