Gut microbiota in older subjects: variation, health consequences and dietary intervention prospects

O’Connor, Eibhlís M.; O’Herlihy, Eileen; O’Toole, Paul W.

doi:10.1017/s0029665114000597

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…The interaction between dietary components and intestinal microorganisms shapes the composition of the gut microbiota and thus has a great impact on host metabolism40. The cecum was chosen for sampling because previous studies1241 showed that it is colonized with sufficient quantities of a readily harvested microbiota for metagenomic analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bamboo shoot fiber prevents obesity in mice by modulating the gut microbiota

Guo

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

119

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Dietary fiber has been shown to prevent high-fat diet induced obesity through modulating the gut microbiota; however, quality difference in fiber type is largely unknown. We performed a 6 week study on C57BL/6J mice fed a macronutrient matched high-fat diet with different fiber types including cellulose (HFC), bamboo shoot fiber (HFBS) and several other commonly consumed fibers. Our results showed that the HFBS group exhibited the lowest weight gain among all diet groups and had improved lipid profiles and glycemic control compared with the HFC group. As revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, loss of diversity in the gut microbiota induced by the HFC diet was largely prevented by the HFBS diet. Moreover, compared with the HFC diet, the HFBS diet resulted in markedly increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and strong inhibition of Verrucomicrobia, two divisions strongly correlated with body weight. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence of a quality difference among different types of dietary fibers and shows that bamboo shoot fiber is the most effective in suppressing high-fat diet induced obesity. Our findings indicate that bamboo shoot fiber is a potential prebiotic fiber which modulates the gut microbiota and improves host metabolism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bamboo shoot fiber prevents obesity in mice by modulating the gut microbiota

Guo

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

119

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“…Prebiotics may support the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species delivered via probiotic supplementation by providing a fermentable food source for these bacteria, allowing them to flourish. More specifically, it has been reported that prebiotics have the ability to exert a bifidogenic effect on human subjects (O’Connor et al, 2014). …”

Section: The Aging Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and the development of the human intestinal microbiome

2014

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The important role of the gut microbiome in maintaining human health has necessitated a better understanding of the temporal dynamics of intestinal microbial communities as well as the host and environmental factors driving these dynamics. Genetics, mode of birth, infant feeding patterns, antibiotic usage, sanitary living conditions and long term dietary habits contribute to shaping the composition of the gut microbiome. This review focuses primarily on diet, as it is one of the most pivotal factors in the development of the human gut microbiome from infancy to the elderly. The infant gut microbiota is characterized by a high degree of instability, only reaching a state similar to that of adults by 2–3 years of age; consistent with the establishment of a varied solid food diet. The diet-related factors influencing the development of the infant gut microbiome include whether the child is breast or formula-fed as well as how and when solid foods are introduced. In contrast to the infant gut, the adult gut microbiome is resilient to large shifts in community structure. Several studies have shown that dietary changes induce transient fluctuations in the adult microbiome, sometimes in as little as 24 h; however, the microbial community rapidly returns to its stable state. Current knowledge of how long-term dietary habits shape the gut microbiome is limited by the lack of long-term feeding studies coupled with temporal gut microbiota characterization. However, long-term weight loss studies have been shown to alter the ratio of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, the two major bacterial phyla residing in the human gastrointestinal tract. With aging, diet-related factors such as malnutrition are associated with microbiome shifts, although the cause and effect relationship between these factors has not been established. Increased pharmaceutical usage is also more prevalent in the elderly and can contribute to reduced gut microbiota stability and diversity. Foods containing prebiotic oligosaccharide components that nurture beneficial commensals in the gut community and probiotic supplements are being explored as interventions to manipulate the gut microbiome, potentially improving health status.

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“…Relevant to IBD, there is evidence that vitamin D deficiency may compromise the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, whereas active vitamin D appears to promotes epithelial integrity through up-regulation of tight junction proteins zonula occcludens-1 and claudin-1 (61,62) . Some reports suggest changes in the gut microbial composition in animal models (63) in response to vitamin D. Despite immense interest in the gut microbiome (64,65) this has yet to be investigated in response to vitamin D therapy in CD. Although some parallels exist, the degree to which the immune effects observed in animal models translate to human IBD is not fully understood.…”

Section: Vitamin D Status and Associations With Disease Severity In Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D as a novel therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: new hope or false dawn?

O’Sullivan

2014

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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There is increasing scientific interest in the field of vitamin D research, moving the focus beyond bone health to other disease processes. Low circulating vitamin D levels have been reported as a risk factor for several pathophysiologically divergent diseases, including cancers, diabetes, CVD, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). But, therein, remains the challenge: can any single nutrient contribute to multiple complex disease mechanisms and, ultimately, have therapeutic potential? The aim of this review is to critically evaluate several strands of scientific evidence surrounding vitamin D and inflammation, primarily focusing on IBD. Epidemiological studies suggest an increased incidence of IBD and rheumatoid arthritis in countries of more northern latitudes, mirroring sunlight patterns. A considerable body of evidence supports the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D, at least in animal models of IBD. Although it is accepted that suboptimal vitamin D status is common in IBD, some studies suggest that this associates with more severe disease. With regard to treatment, the data are only beginning to emerge from randomised controlled trials to suggest that people with IBD may remain in remission longer when treated with oral vitamin D. In conclusion, several strands of evidence suggest that vitamin D may modify the immune response in IBD. There is a continued need for large well-designed clinical trials and mechanistic studies to determine if, and how, this emerging promise translates into tangible clinical benefits for people with chronic debilitating diseases such as IBD.

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Gut microbiota in older subjects: variation, health consequences and dietary intervention prospects

Cited by 40 publications

References 124 publications

Bamboo shoot fiber prevents obesity in mice by modulating the gut microbiota

Bamboo shoot fiber prevents obesity in mice by modulating the gut microbiota

Diet and the development of the human intestinal microbiome

Vitamin D as a novel therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: new hope or false dawn?

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