Gut microbiota in perioperative neurocognitive disorders: current evidence and future directions

Abstract

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is a common surgical anesthesia complication characterized by impairment of memory, attention, language understanding and social ability, which can lead to a decline in the quality of life of patients, prolong the hospitalization period and increase the mortality rate. PND has a high incidence rate, which has a great impact on postoperative recovery and quality of life of patients, and has caused a heavy economic burden to society and families. In recent years, PND has become an important public health problem. The high risk population of PND is more prone to gut microbiota imbalance, and gut microbiota may also affect the inflammatory response of the central nervous system through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Meanwhile, Neuroinflammation and immune activation are important mechanisms of PND. Regulating gut microbiota through probiotics or fecal bacteria transplantation can significantly reduce neuroinflammation, reduce the abnormal activation of immune system and prevent the occurrence of PND. This review summarizes the research progress of gut microbiota and PND, providing basis for the prevention and treatment of PND.

Alterations in microbiota of patients with COVID‐19: implications for therapeutic interventions

“…Furthermore, supplementation with probiotics improved neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in surgery. 192 , 193 Yang et al. 194 found that probiotic preparations improved memory impairment in aging mice.…”

Emerging Insights into Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders: The Role of Signaling Across the Gut-Brain Axis

“…Evidence from existing research has confirmed that disturbances and destabilization of gut microbiota would affect the progression of PNCDs. Studies are currently underway to investigate the modulation of gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic approach to restore gut microbiota homeostasis, repair compromised intestinal barriers, and ultimately alleviate PNCDs, also known as target gut microbiota for the treatment of PNCDs, including probiotics and prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary regulation that can be readily accepted by clinical patients [104]. To understand the current status of the application of gut microbiota modulation in the prevention and treatment of PNCDs, our present review summarizes the clinical or preclinical findings related to gut microbiota modulation in PNCDs, listed in Table 1.…”