Gut microbiota metabolites for sweetening type I diabetes

Aljutaily, Thamer; Consuegra-Fernández, Marta; Aranda, Fernando; Lozano, Francisco; Huarte, Eduardo

doi:10.1038/cmi.2017.65

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Butyrate, a short chain fatty acid (SCFA) that provides an energy source for the colonocytes and a histone deacetylase inhibitor, was linked to anti-cancer effects, thus providing protection against toxic metabolites that are produced on a high protein diet. SCFAs have also been recently associated with protection against type 1 diabetes [54]. In addition to this, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are associated with positive effects of colonic health and, following the synbiotic intervention, have been associated with reducing fecal water genotoxicty, which is considered a biomarker for colon cancer [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Synbiotic Supplement on Human Gut Microbiota, Body Composition and Weight Loss in Obesity

et al. 2020

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Targeting gut microbiota with synbiotics (probiotic supplements containing prebiotic components) is emerging as a promising intervention in the comprehensive nutritional approach to reducing obesity. Weight loss resulting from low-carbohydrate high-protein diets can be significant but has also been linked to potentially negative health effects due to increased bacterial fermentation of undigested protein within the colon and subsequent changes in gut microbiota composition. Correcting obesity-induced disruption of gut microbiota with synbiotics can be more effective than supplementation with probiotics alone because prebiotic components of synbiotics support the growth and survival of positive bacteria therein. The purpose of this placebo-controlled intervention clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of a synbiotic supplement on the composition, richness and diversity of gut microbiota and associations of microbial species with body composition parameters and biomarkers of obesity in human subjects participating in a weight loss program. The probiotic component of the synbiotic used in the study contained Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium bifidum and the prebiotic component was a galactooligosaccharide mixture. The results showed no statistically significant differences in body composition (body mass, BMI, body fat mass, body fat percentage, body lean mass, and bone mineral content) between the placebo and synbiotic groups at the end of the clinical trial (3-month intervention, 20 human subjects participating in weight loss intervention based on a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, reduced energy diet). Synbiotic supplementation increased the abundance of gut bacteria associated with positive health effects, especially Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and it also appeared to increase the gut microbiota richness. A decreasing trend in the gut microbiota diversity in the placebo and synbiotic groups was observed at the end of trial, which may imply the effect of the high-protein low-carbohydrate diet used in the weight loss program. Regression analysis performed to correlate abundance of species following supplementation with body composition parameters and biomarkers of obesity found an association between a decrease over time in blood glucose and an increase in Lactobacillus abundance, particularly in the synbiotic group. However, the decrease over time in body mass, BMI, waist circumstance, and body fat mass was associated with a decrease in Bifidobacterium abundance. The results obtained support the conclusion that synbiotic supplement used in this clinical trial modulates human gut microbiota by increasing abundance of potentially beneficial microbial species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Synbiotic Supplement on Human Gut Microbiota, Body Composition and Weight Loss in Obesity

et al. 2020

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“…Considering the important role of the gut microbiota in modulating T1D pathogenesis (89)(90)(91)(92)(93), it is possible to speculate that dysregulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway could affect diabetogenesis also by modifying the microbiome profiles. On the other hand, since some commensal bacterial strains modulate the response to anti-PD-1 therapy, the alteration of microbiota composition found in T1D patients could be directly or indirectly responsible for a defect of the PD-1-PD-L1 inhibitory pathway leading to reduced islet-reactive T cell exhaustion, enhanced activation of TRM cells in pancreatic tissue and β cell damage.…”

Section: Genetic and Environmental Factors Controlling The Pd-1/pd-l1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the PD-1/PD-L1 Dyad in the Maintenance of Pancreatic Immune Tolerance for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes

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Fousteri

2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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The human pancreas, like almost all organs in the human body, is immunologically tolerated despite the presence of innate and adaptive immune cells that promptly mediate protective immune responses against pathogens in situ. The PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory pathway seems to play a key role in the maintenance of immune tolerance systemically and within the pancreatic tissue. Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM), T regulatory cells (Treg), macrophages and even β cells exhibit PD-1 or PD-L1 expression that contributes in controlling pancreatic immune homeostasis and tolerance. Dysregulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis as shown by animal studies and our recent experience with checkpoint inhibitory blockade in humans can lead to immune dysfunctions leading to chronic inflammatory disease and to type 1 diabetes (T1D) in genetically susceptible individuals. In this review, we discuss the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in pancreatic tissue homeostasis and tolerance, speculate how genetic and environmental factors can regulate the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, and discuss PD-1/PD-L1-based therapeutic approaches for pancreatic islet transplantation and T1D treatment.

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“…SCFAs are end products of fermentation of dietary fibres by specific anaerobic intestinal microbiota 68,69 . Accumulating evidence suggests that SCFAs plays a crucial and favourable role in host physiology and energy homeostasis 70,71 .…”

Section: Effects Of Citrus Pectin With Different Rg-i Content On Scfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depolymerized RG-I-enriched pectin from citrus segment membranes modulates gut microbiota, increases SCFA production, and promotes the growth ofBifidobacteriumspp.,Lactobacillusspp. andFaecalibaculumspp.

et al. 2019

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Gut microbiota metabolites for sweetening type I diabetes

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of Synbiotic Supplement on Human Gut Microbiota, Body Composition and Weight Loss in Obesity

Effects of Synbiotic Supplement on Human Gut Microbiota, Body Composition and Weight Loss in Obesity

Role of the PD-1/PD-L1 Dyad in the Maintenance of Pancreatic Immune Tolerance for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes

Depolymerized RG-I-enriched pectin from citrus segment membranes modulates gut microbiota, increases SCFA production, and promotes the growth ofBifidobacteriumspp.,Lactobacillusspp. andFaecalibaculumspp.

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