Gut microbiota modulation as a possible mediating mechanism for fasting-induced alleviation of metabolic complications: a systematic review

Ejtahed, Hanieh‐Sadat; Hasani‐Ranjbar, Shirin; Siadat, Seyed Davar; Soroush, Ahmad Reza; Larijani, Bagher

doi:10.1186/s12986-021-00635-3

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…These changes all echo our previous findings on the alterations of the gut microbiome in healthy subjects who underwent RAIF ( 6 ). These data are also in line with previous studies with 7 month of every other day fasting ( 8 , 19 ). Collectively, this study indicates that experimental rodents can be successfully employed to model RAIF.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Investigating Ramadan Like Fasting Effects on the Gut Microbiome in BALB/c Mice

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Recently we reported that in healthy volunteer Ramadan-associated intermittent fasting (RAIF) remodels the gut microbiome and resulted in an increase in small chain fatty acid producing bacteria concomitant with improved metabolic parameters. As interpretation of these results is hampered by the possible psychological effects associated with the study, we now aim to investigate RAIF in experimental animals. To this end, 6-week male BALB/c mice were subjected to RAIF (30 days of a 16-h daily fasting; n = 8) or provided with feed ad libitum (n = 6). Fecal samples were collected before and the end of fasting and bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing was performed. We found that RAIF remodeled the composition of gut microbiota in BALB/c mice (p < 0.01) and especially provoked upregulation of butyrate acid-producing Lachnospireceae and Ruminococcaceae (p < 0.01), resembling the effects seen in human volunteers. Hence we conclude that the effects of RAIF on gut microbiome relate to the timing of food intake and are not likely related to psychological factors possibly at play during Ramadan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Investigating Ramadan Like Fasting Effects on the Gut Microbiome in BALB/c Mice

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…In animal models, the fasting-mimicking diet, a dietary protocol involving strict and short-term CR combining with a good fat nutritional composition, demonstrated its benefits in reducing the local and systemic inflammation in the context of intestinal bowel disease, while in diabetes type 1 and 2, it was shown to induce β-cell regeneration and insulin secretion, promoting glucose balance (108). Moreover, some evidence suggests that the benefits of fasting at the metabolic level can be mediated by gut microbiota (112), which in turn is modulated by IF that increases its diversity and enhances antioxidative microbial metabolic pathways (107). The microbiota itself shows circadian fluctuations that are deranged in animal models of obesity and can be restored by TRE (113).…”

Section: Benefits Of Fast-mimicking Diets In the General Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-Related Chronic Kidney Disease: Principal Mechanisms and New Approaches in Nutritional Management

et al. 2022

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Obesity is the epidemic of our era and its incidence is supposed to increase by more than 30% by 2030. It is commonly defined as a chronic and metabolic disease with an excessive accumulation of body fat in relation to fat-free mass, both in terms of quantity and distribution at specific points on the body. The effects of obesity have an important impact on different clinical areas, particularly endocrinology, cardiology, and nephrology. Indeed, increased rates of obesity have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, hypertension, renal diseases, and neurocognitive impairment. Obesity-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been ascribed to intrarenal fat accumulation along the proximal tubule, glomeruli, renal sinus, and around the kidney capsule, and to hemodynamic changes with hyperfiltration, albuminuria, and impaired glomerular filtration rate. In addition, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, which arise as a consequence of overweight, contribute to amplifying renal dysfunction in both the native and transplanted kidney. Overall, several mechanisms are closely related to the onset and progression of CKD in the general population, including changes in renal hemodynamics, neurohumoral pathways, renal adiposity, local and systemic inflammation, dysbiosis of microbiota, insulin resistance, and fibrotic process. Unfortunately, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with obesity-related CKD. Therefore, dietary management is based on the clinical practice guidelines for the nutritional care of adults with CKD, developed and published by the National Kidney Foundation, Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative and common recommendations for the healthy population. Optimal nutritional management of these patients should follow the guidelines of the Mediterranean diet, which is known to be associated with a lower incidence of CVD and beneficial effects on chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cognitive health. Mediterranean-style diets are often unsuccessful in promoting efficient weight loss, especially in patients with altered glucose metabolism. For this purpose, this review also discusses the use of non-classical weight loss approaches in CKD, including intermittent fasting and ketogenic diet to contrast the onset and progression of obesity-related CKD.

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“…Finally, a systematic review aimed to provide an overview of the existing animal and human literature regarding the gut microbiota alterations in various fasting regimens. 28 The findings suggest that different fasting regimens, including alternate-day fasting, calorie-and timerestricted fasting programs, and RF, could promote health perhaps through the modulation of the gut microbiome. However, further studies are needed to explore correctly the connection between gut microbiota and meal frequency and timing.…”

Section: Impact Of Rf On Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Functionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ramadan Fasting in Health and Disease in 2021: A Narrative Review

Hassan-Beck

Hafidh

Badi³

et al. 2022

Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

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Introduction: The literature on the health aspects of Ramadan fasting (RF) is widely spread in many journals. Materials and Methods: This is a narrative review of data obtained from the PubMed database (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States). We used the search term “Ramadan fasting,” and relevant records were examined. The publications are narrated thematically. Results: The publications spanned fundamental, clinical, professional, cultural, and advocacy facets. The publications crossed conventional disciplinary lines and geographical locations and appeared in journals with different access systems. The contents are presented under the themes that emerged depending on the retrieved literature. This year basic coverage included changes in physiology and nutrition during Ramadan. However, the clinical issues included a wide range of topics. These included the impact of RF on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and adjustments needed in endocrine replacement therapy for hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency. Coverage also included chronic kidney disease. The impact on maternal health, fetal well-being, and long-term effects of RF exposures were addressed in several studies. Studies in cardiovascular medicine focused on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors. Sports medicine and athletes' well-being received somewhat prominent coverage. The impact on renal function, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease, was investigated by a few authors. Several groups addressed the eyes' structure and function, neurological conditions, especially headache disorders, and hematological and oncological conditions. Finally, the impact of RF on several aspects of mental health and well-being was addressed by various groups. Conclusions: Health aspects of RF received a sustained academic interest with a broad spectrum in 2021. This narration provides an overview of the year's scholarly health-related literature on various aspects of health and disease. It should help researchers and clinicians catch up quickly with the health concerns during Ramadan.

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Gut microbiota modulation as a possible mediating mechanism for fasting-induced alleviation of metabolic complications: a systematic review

Cited by 29 publications

References 89 publications

Investigating Ramadan Like Fasting Effects on the Gut Microbiome in BALB/c Mice

Investigating Ramadan Like Fasting Effects on the Gut Microbiome in BALB/c Mice

Obesity-Related Chronic Kidney Disease: Principal Mechanisms and New Approaches in Nutritional Management

Ramadan Fasting in Health and Disease in 2021: A Narrative Review

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