Gut microbiota of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) in the e-waste dismantling region: In situ status and relationship with internal metal burden

The Environmental Impact of E-Waste Microplastics: A Systematic Review and Analysis Based on the Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) Framework

“…In China, microplastics were found in food webs surrounding an e-waste facility, namely in aquatic invertebrates (22.6-57.8 particles per individual), terrestrial invertebrates (37.1-182.0 particles per individual), fishes (38.1-130.0 particles per individual), snakes (132 particles per individual), birds (150-1250 particles per individual), and voles (171 particles per individual) [56]. Moreover, fish (Anabas testudineus) from e-waste-contaminated sites in Guiyu, China, presented liver concentrations of Ag, Cd, and Pb that were 40.73, 27.07, and 6.01 times higher than reference sites, respectively [57]. It is not clear if exposure to metals occurred directly or through the release of microplastics' leachates in the digestive system.…”

“…Microplastics are known to change soil properties, including water evaporation, bulk density, and microbial activity [61,62]. Moreover, the release of metals and organic compounds could also originate changes in soil or gut microbiome, possibly due to the presence in the environment of metal-transforming bacteria (e.g., Cetobacterium somerae, Clostridium colicanis) and metabolic changes [57]. Therefore, besides toxicity, the modulation of microbiota by e-water microplastics and associated contaminants can also cause adverse effects on organisms and ecosystems.…”

“…E-waste microplastics or associated contaminants may be dangerous to human health (e.g., PAHs, [63]), directly or following accumulation in organisms for human consumption (e.g., wild fish, [57]). In a study of eight e-waste plastics from a recycling plant, direct exposure to plastics did not induce cytotoxic effects on multiple human cell lines in assays lasting 24 h, 96 h, and 168 h [64].…”