Gut Microbiota of Migrating Wild Rabbit Fish (Siganus guttatus) Larvae Have Low Spatial and Temporal Variability

Abstract

We investigated the gut microbiota of rabbit fish larvae at 3 locations in Vietnam (Thuan An: northern, Quang Nam: intermediate, Binh Dinh: southern sample site) over a three-year period. First, the Clostridiales order was the most predominant in the gut. Second, the location-by-location alpha diversity showed significant differences in Chao-1, Hill number 1 and evenness. Last, the beta diversity 2 analysis indicated that the location had an effect on the microbiota. The year-by-year analysis showed that for 2014 the gut microbiota was different from the other years for Thuan An and Quang Nam. The location-by-location analysis indicated that in 2015, the gut microbiota was different for all locations and Quang Nam was different from Binh Dinh in 2014; Thuan An was different from the other locations in 2016. Thus, there seems to be a time-dependent trend in the North-South axis for the gut microbiota.Overall, this is the first study on the gut microbiota of migrating rabbit fish larvae. We found limited variation in the gut microbiota geographically and in time, and strong indications for a core microbiome.This suggest that at this life stage the gut microbiota is under strong selection due to a combination of fish-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions.

Influence of Seaweed Supplements on the Intestinal Bacteria in the Rabbitfish Siganus Fuscescens: Evidence for a Core Microbiome

“…Evidence for core microbiomes has been observed in studies of other rabbit sh species [42,91]. Consistent with our observations, these authors reported both overlap and variation between locations and/or populations and speculated that if the core microbiome related to functionality, rather than taxonomy per se then the functional redundancy within the core microbiome could be expected.…”

“…Similarly low spatial and temporal variation was observed in the gut microbiomes of larvae from another rabbit sh species, Siganus guttatus, across 3 sites separated by up to 390 km across a three year sampling program [91]. The gut microbiota of zebra sh Danio reiro, from genetically distinct wild and domesticated populations were strikingly similar despite very different environmental and dietary conditions and the authors speculated that shared intestinal features from the two groups of sh led to the selection of speci c bacteria taxa resulting in strongly similar gut microbiome regardless of the origin or domestication status [92].…”

Commensal bacteria‐immunity crosstalk shapes mucosal homeostasis in teleost fish

“…17,18 Although bacterial composition may be altered by endogenous and exogenous factors such as diet, age, genetics, sex, captivity, tissue and environmental conditions, the dominant species in specific organs are often consistent. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Previous studies have demonstrated that the microbial communities of teleost fish vary depending on the tissues they inhabit. 11,18,26 Additionally, new discoveries have been made in recent years regarding fish mucosal microbiota.…”

Effect of dietary protein and genetic line of Litopenaeus vannamei on its hepatopancreatic microbiota

“…Shrimp hepatopancreases before (control) and after the trial were pooled and homogenized, and the FastDNA™ Spin Kit for Soil was used to extract whole genomic DNA according to the manufacturer's instructions as was suggested by Le et al (2020). The extracted DNA was analyzed by spectrophotometry to ensure its concentration and purity.…”

“…Each sample was amplified using the primers 515F 5'-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3' and 806R 5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3' (Caporaso et al, 2011) with the adaptor sequence, sample-specific eight-base, pad and linker (Kozich et al, 2013). The PCR mixtures contained 20 ng of DNA, 1X buffer My Taq (0.32 mM dNTP's, 1.5 mM MgCl2), 0.3 mM of each primer, and 0.625 U My Taq DNA polymerase according to the mix suggested by Le et al (2020). The thermocycling conditions were set as follows: 95 °C for 3 min, followed by 32 cycles of 95 °C/20 sec, 55 °C/15 sec, 72 °C/5 min, and a final extension of 72 °C for 7 min.…”