Gut mycobiome: A promising target for colorectal cancer

Qin, Xiali; Gu, Yu; Li, Tianyu; Wang, Chen; Zhong, Weilong; Wang, Bangmao; Cao, Hailong

doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188489

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…The collection of microbes living on or within the human body is termed the human microbiome. While much of the research to-date has focussed on bacteria, there is increasing evidence that common soil fungi (such as Alternaria, Aspergillus, Candida, Cladosporium Cryptococcus, Trichosporon and Penicillium) can also colonise the human body and/or elicit immune responses, impacting on NCDs such asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes and bowel disease (Gu et al 2019;Jayasudha et al 2020;Tiew et al 2020;van Tilburg Bernardes et al 2020;Qin et al 2021). Thus, humans can be viewed as a holobiont, an ecological unit comprised of a host and their associated microbiota in which the resilience of all organisms is interdependent (van de Guchte et al 2018;Mills et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabarcoding of Soil Fungi from Different Urban Greenspaces Around Bournemouth in the UK

2021

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Soil microbes are important for public health. Increasing urbanisation is adversely affecting soil microbiota, which may be contributing to the global rise of immune-related diseases. Fungi are key components of urban environments that can be negatively impacted by altered land-use, land-management and climate change, and are implicated in the development and exacerbation of non-communicable diseases such as allergy, asthma and chronic inflammatory conditions. Fungal metagenomics is building knowledge on fungi within different environments (the environmental mycobiome), fungi on and within the human body (the human mycobiome), and their association with disease. Here, we demonstrate the added value of a multi-region metabarcoding approach to analyse soil mycobiomes from five urban greenspaces (lawns, parklands, bareground, young forest and old forest). While results were comparable across the three regions (ITS1, ITS2 and LSU), each identified additional fungal taxa that were unique to the region. Combining the results therefore provided a more comprehensive analysis across all fungal taxonomic ranks, identifying statistically significant differences in the fungal composition of the five soil types. Assignment of fungal taxa into ecological guilds revealed those differences of biological relevance to public health. The greatest differences were between the soil mycobiome of lawns and forests. Of most concern was the significant increase in the known human allergens Alternaria, Bipolaris, Cladosporium and Fusarium within urban lawn and parkland vs forest soils. By improving our understanding of local variations in fungal taxa across urban greenspaces, we have the potential to boost the health of local residents through improved urban planning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabarcoding of Soil Fungi from Different Urban Greenspaces Around Bournemouth in the UK

2021

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“…Dysbiosis is well-known among patients suffering from IBD, who present higher odds of CRC occurrence [17]. It is noteworthy that decreased richness and diversity have also been reported in the bacterial community as well as the fungal microbiome [17,47]. For example, Cystofilobasidiaceae, Dioszegia genus and Candida glabrata were detected in abundance in the gut of subjects suffering from Crohn's disease, when compared to healthy individuals [53].…”

Section: The Role Of Fungal Dysbiosis In Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CRC is the third most frequent causal factor of cancer mortality in both genders in the United States, with an estimated incidence of approximately one million patients annually, worldwide. In addition, a considerable number of patients with CRC are younger and present with advanced stage of cancer [45][46][47]. CRC morbidity and mortality may be diminished by appropriate screening and surveillance [48,49].…”

Section: Mycobiome and Colorectal Cancer (Crc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Role Of Fungal Dysbiosis In Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, fungal phyla, such as Basidiomycota, Glomeromycota and Ascomycota, reside in high numbers in the digestive tract [47]. The most commonly found fungal genera inhabiting the physiologic GI are Candida, Saccharomyces, and Cladosporium [47]. Trojanowska et al demonstrated that the intestinal tract is also inhabited by members of the oral mycobiome, as they have identified the same Candida albicans strain in the oral cavity and gut of subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [52].…”

Section: The Role Of Fungal Dysbiosis In Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycobiome and Cancer: What Is the Evidence?

Kounatidis

Christodoulatos

Panagopoulos

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Background: To date, most researchhas focused on the bacterial composition of the human microbiota. In this review, we synopsize recent data on the human mycobiome and cancer, highlighting specific cancer types based on current available evidence, presenting interesting perspectives and limitations of studies and laboratory methodologies. Recent findings: Head and neck cancer carcinoma (HNCC), colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) have been associated with dissimilarities in the composition of mycobiota between cancer cases and non-cancer participants. Overall, fungal dysbiosis with decreased fungal richness and diversity was common in cancer patients; however, a specific mycobiotic signature in HNSCC or CRC has not emerged. Different strains of Candida albicans have been identified among cases with HNCC, whilst Lichtheimia corymbifera, a member of the Mucoraceae family, has been shown to predominate among patients with oral tongue cancer. Virulence factors of Candida spp. include the formation of biofilm and filamentation, and the secretion of toxins and metabolites. CRC patients present a dysregulated ratio of Basidiomycota/Ascomycota. Abundance of Malassezia has been linked to the occurrence and progression of CRC and PDA, particularly in animal models of PDA. Interestingly, Schizophyllum, a component of the oral mycobiome, may exhibit anti-cancer potential. Conclusion: The human mycobiome, per se, along with its interactions with the human bacteriome and the host, may be implicated in the promotion and progression of carcinogenesis. Fungi may be used as diagnostic and prognostic/predictive tools or treatment targets for cancer in the coming years. More large-scale, prospective, multicentric and longitudinal studies with an integrative multi-omics methodology are required to examine the precise contribution of the mycobiome in the etiopathogenesis of cancer, and to delineate whether changes that occur in the mycobiome are causal or consequent of cancer.

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Tumour‐associated macrophages in gastric cancer: From function and mechanism to application

Li,

Sun,

Zeng

et al. 2023

Clinical & Translational Med

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BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumour, with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. The occurrence and development of GC is a complex process involving genetic changes in tumour cells and the influence of the surrounding tumour microenvironment (TME). Accumulative evidence shows that tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play a vital role in GC, acting as plentiful and active infiltrating inflammatory cells in the TME.Main bodyIn this review, the different functions and mechanisms of TAMs in GC progression, including the conversion of phenotypic subtypes; promotion of tumour proliferation, invasion and migration; induction of chemoresistance; promotion of angiogenesis; modulation of immunosuppression; reprogramming of metabolism; and interaction with the microbial community are summarised. Although the role of TAMs in GC remains controversial in clinical settings, clarifying their significance in the treatment selection and prognostic prediction of GC could support optimising TAM‐centred clinicaltherapy.ConclusionIn summary, we reviewed the the phenotypic polarisation, function and molecular mechanism of TAMs and their potential applications in the treatment selection and prognostic prediction of GC.

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Gut mycobiome: A promising target for colorectal cancer

Cited by 31 publications

References 111 publications

Metabarcoding of Soil Fungi from Different Urban Greenspaces Around Bournemouth in the UK

Metabarcoding of Soil Fungi from Different Urban Greenspaces Around Bournemouth in the UK

Mycobiome and Cancer: What Is the Evidence?

Tumour‐associated macrophages in gastric cancer: From function and mechanism to application

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