Gut Stasis in Chickens Infected with Eimeria

McKenzie, M. Elizabeth; Colnago, G. L.; Lee, S. R.; Long, P. L.

doi:10.3382/ps.0660264

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, more detailed experimental studies would be needed to determine the cause of this trend. Likewise, coccidia of the genus Eimeria are known to induce gut stasis (McKenzie et al 1987) and, on the other hand, depend on certain temperatures and humidity for the onset of sporulation after exiting the host (Graat et al 1994), the time of onset of which is essential for their propagation. Both these facts could be implied in the observed circadian rhythm, but further studies would be necessary for confirmation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoiding bias in parasite excretion estimates: the effect of sampling time and type of faeces

et al. 2006

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The study of host-parasite relationships usually requires reliable estimates of parasite intensity, which is often estimated from parasite propagule concentration in faeces. However, parasite excretion in faeces may be subject to variation due to endogenous or exogenous factors that must be identified to obtain reliable results. We analysed the effect of the hour of sample collection on propagule counts of 2 intestinal parasites infecting the red-legged partridge: the capillarid nematode Aonchoteca caudinflata and coccidia of the genus Eimeria (Protozoa). Also, we test whether there are differences in propagule counts between caecal and intestinal faeces. Individual faecal samples from infected birds were collected daily at 4 different hours during several days. The hour of the day exerted a very strong effect on propagule counts, excretion of both types of parasites showing a clear and constant increase from dawn to dusk. Also, capillarid eggs were more abundant in intestinal than in caecal faeces, whereas the inverse pattern was found for coccidian oocysts. Standardization of the hour of sample collection or statistical control of this variable is recommendable to prevent bias. Similarly, in bird species with long caeca, consistent collection of one type of faeces may avoid significant errors in parasite burden estimates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoiding bias in parasite excretion estimates: the effect of sampling time and type of faeces

et al. 2006

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“…In present study, significantly increased oocysts numbers were recorded in control group than those of administered with purified beta-glucans. The chickens in control groups were observed depressed, lethargic and dull with ruffled feather and irregular feed and water intake (Personal observations) that may lead to alteration in gut homeostasis, altered metabolism and lower body weight gains, (McKenzie et al, 1987;Adams et al, 1996;Kettunen et al, 2001). The pathogenic Eimeria species seriously affect the enteric microenvironment and ultimately cytokines production, which lead to physiological changes and increased hemorrhagic lesions (Allen, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological and Therapeutic Evaluation of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Derived Betaglucans against Coccidiosis in Chicken

Rizwan¹,

Khan²,

Iqbal³

et al. 2016

IJAB

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To cite this paper: Rizwan, H.M., M.K. Khan, Z. Iqbal and F. Deeba, 2016. Immunological and therapeutic evaluation of wheat (Triticum aestivum) derived beta-glucans against coccidiosis in chicken. AbstractThis study was carried out to determine the immunomodulatory and therapeutic effects of wheat derived beta-glucans (purified) against avian coccidiosis. Briefly, beta-glucans from wheat bran were extracted and purified using standard procedures. A total of 250 broiler chicks (day-old) were reared at experimental station, Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad for this study. At 7 th day of their age, birds were subdivided into five equal groups (n=50). Groups A, B and C were orally administered with graded doses of purified beta-glucans (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of body weight) for three consecutive days; whereas, positive control (group D) was administered with vitamin-E at the dose rate of 87mg/kg; while negative control (group E) was served with phosphate buffered saline (PBS solution). At 14 th day post administration of graded doses, 30 chickens from each group were randomly selected and used to monitor cellular and humoral immune responses, while remaining birds (n=20) in each group were challenged with mixed species of genus Eimeria for therapeutic evaluation. Overall, chickens in group A administered with 50 mg/kg b.wt. purified beta-glucans showed significantly higher immune responses in terms of enhanced humoral and cell mediated immunity as compared to those of other beta-glucans administered and E groups. While, the immune responses showed by group A were comparable with group D. After challenge with Eimeria, the groups A and D also showed maximum weight gains with low oocyst counts and maximum percent protection against lesions in both caecum and intestine. On the other hand, a minimum daily weight gain with increased number of oocysts in chickens was observed in control group (PBS) during therapeutic evaluation. These findings suggest that the beta-glucans derived from wheat may have immunomodulatory and therapeutic effects against Eimeria infection in chickens.

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“…Previous research has shown that examining the gut passage time of barium sulfate as a biomarker provides an indication of intestinal motility [66]. In our investigation, in birds that were challenged and received the drinking water disinfectant, gut passage time was significantly reduced compared to those that received the drinking water disinfection alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Investigation of Potential Gut Health Biomarkers in Broiler Chicks Challenged by Campylobacter jejuni and Submitted to a Continuous Water Disinfection Program

Mantzios,

Kiousi,

Brellou

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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The exploration of novel biomarkers to assess poultry health is of paramount importance, not only to enhance our understanding of the pathogenicity of zoonotic agents but also to evaluate the efficacy of novel treatments as alternatives to antibiotics. The present study aimed to investigate potential gut health biomarkers in broiler chicks challenged by Campylobacter jejuni and subjected to a continuous water disinfection program. A total of 144 one-day-old hatched broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with four replicates each, according to the following experimental design: Group A received untreated drinking water; Group B received drinking water treated with 0.01–0.05% v/v Cid 2000™ (hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid and paracetic acid); Group C was challenged by C. jejuni and received untreated drinking water; and Group D was challenged by C. jejuni and received drinking water treated with 0.01–0.05% v/v Cid 2000™. The use of Cid 2000™ started on day 1 and was applied in intervals until the end of the experiment at 36 days, while the C. jejuni challenge was applied on day 18. Potential biomarkers were investigated in serum, feces, intestinal tissue, intestinal content, and liver samples of broilers. Statistical analysis revealed significant increases (p < 0.001) in serum cortisol levels in C. jejuni-challenged broilers. Serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) increased significantly (p = 0.004) in broilers challenged by C. jejuni and treated with drinking water disinfectant, while fecal ovotransferrin concentration also increased significantly (p < 0.001) in broilers that received the drinking water disinfectant alone. The gene expression levels of occludin (p = 0.003) and mucin-2 (p < 0.001) were significantly upregulated in broilers challenged by C. jejuni, while mucin-2 significantly increased in birds that were challenged and received the drinking water disinfectant (p < 0.001). TLR-4 expression levels were significantly (p = 0.013) decreased in both groups that received the drinking water disinfectant, compared to the negative control group. Finally, the C. jejuni challenge significantly increased (p = 0.032) the crypt depth and decreased (p = 0.021) the villus height-to-crypt-depth ratio in the ileum of birds, while the tested disinfectant product increased (p = 0.033) the villus height in the jejunum of birds. Furthermore, the counts of C. jejuni in the ceca of birds (p = 0.01), as well as its translocation rate to the liver of broilers (p = 0.001), were significantly reduced by the addition of the water disinfectant. This research contributes to novel insights into the intricate interplay of water disinfection and/or C. jejuni challenge with potential intestinal biomarkers. In addition, it emphasizes the need for continued research to unveil the underlying mechanisms, expands our understanding of broiler responses to these challenges and identifies breakpoints for further investigations.

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Gut Stasis in Chickens Infected with Eimeria

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Avoiding bias in parasite excretion estimates: the effect of sampling time and type of faeces

Avoiding bias in parasite excretion estimates: the effect of sampling time and type of faeces

Immunological and Therapeutic Evaluation of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Derived Betaglucans against Coccidiosis in Chicken

Investigation of Potential Gut Health Biomarkers in Broiler Chicks Challenged by Campylobacter jejuni and Submitted to a Continuous Water Disinfection Program

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