Introduction: There are many forms of physical exercise, and the traditional simple exercise can no longer meet people's increasing needs. With the rapid development of the economy, people's living standards have improved progressively. Exercise and fitness have become one of ways for people to relax and improve their quality of life. Objective: Analyze the effects of aerobic gymnastics on male college students' heart rate variability and physical performance. Methods: 10 male college students volunteered for a 6-week aerobic gym-based protocol. This paper discusses the influence of aerobic exercise on heart rate variability and physical fitness of 10 male college students through aerobic interventions for 6 weeks. Results: The HRV indexes SDNN, RMSSD, TP, HF, and LF/HF significantly differed before and after training. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the physical performance of volunteers such as grip strength, flexion of sitting posture, and sitting posture itself before and after the intervention. It is suggested that aerobic training can improve people's cardiac function and physical fitness. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.