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Yazawa, Yoshihiro; Kato, Yasushi; Baba, H.; Hasuno, Sadao; Furukimi, Osamu

doi:10.2320/materia.44.53

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The main texture component is the so-called ␥ fiber, which is characterized by the ͕111͖ plane parallel to the surface of the steel sheet. 18 According to Fig. 1, strong ͕111͖ ͗110͘ and ͕111͖ ͗112͘ orientations can be considered for the steel-substrate grains.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Texture and Surface Morphology Development in Zinc and Zinc-Cobalt Electrodeposits

Raeissi

Tufani

Saatchi

et al. 2008

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The morphology and texture formation in zinc and zinc-cobalt coatings, electrodeposited onto low carbon steel substrate in an acidic sulfate bath, was studied. The predominant texture component of zinc coating at low current density was pyramidal ͕11.5͖ and ͕11.6͖ nonfiber, while, for zinc-cobalt deposition, a nonfiber ͕11.0͖ prism was found as the predominant texture component. Hydrogen adsorption, during the zinc electrodeposition process, inhibited lateral bunching growth and produced a low-angle pyramidal texture component, which developed ridge morphology. Adsorption of cobalt or cobalt-containing species was the reason for promoting a "field-oriented texture"-type growth in zinc-cobalt deposition, which resulted in a coating morphology, consisting of numerous fibers grown almost normal to the substrate surface. At higher overpotentials, the adsorption was hindered. This led to the progression of lateral growth and the development of a sharp ͑00.2͒ fiber texture component in zinc and zinc-cobalt electrodeposits.Electrodeposited zinc coatings have attracted increased attention because of the flexibility in their properties. By sacrificing itself, zinc offers protection to steel. Studies to improve the corrosion resistance of the zinc coatings are desirable because they are not so resistant to corrosion in marine atmospheres. 1 Under some circumstances, zinc becomes passivated and the protective property is hindered. 2 Hence, the electrodeposition of zinc, alloyed with group eight metals ͑Ni, Co, and Fe͒, has attracted considerable interest. 1,3,4 This can be attributed, mainly, to excellent corrosion resistance, paintability, and good formability. 5 These properties are controlled by chemical composition, phase composition, and the microstructure of the deposit. According to recent findings, some of the coating properties, in particular, the corrosion resistance and paintability, are influenced by the morphology and crystallographic texture of the deposit. 6,7 Various morphologies and textures can be obtained simply by applying different electrochemical conditions to the electrodeposition bath and preparing the steel substrates differently. The properties of the coating, such as corrosion resistance, paintability, and formability, are closely related to the morphology and texture of the coating. 8-14 Although numerous research works have been undertaken to study the electrochemical dependence of the texture and morphology of zinc and zinc alloy electrodeposited coatings, the development of the texture and the morphology and the reasons for their variations, using electrochemical parameters and surface preparations, are still not completely understood. In zinc electrodeposition, Park and Szpunar 13,15 found that the major texture components, developed onto the electropolished steel surface at low current densities, were high-intensity basal ͑00.2͒ and low-intensity pyramidal ͕10.X͖ planes. Similar results were reported by Vasilakopoulos et al., 16 using chemically polished steel substrate. A previous study on ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Texture and Surface Morphology Development in Zinc and Zinc-Cobalt Electrodeposits

Raeissi

Tufani

Saatchi

et al. 2008

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…6) Additionally, IF ferritic stainless steel sheets that have very high r-values have been manufactured commercially by optimization of the conditions for hot rolling, cold rolling, and annealing. [6][7][8] The relationships between r-values and limiting drawing ratios for several types of commercially manufactured ferritic stainless steel sheets (0.5-0.9 mm in thickness) are shown in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Texture on r-value of Ferritic Stainless Steel Sheets

2011

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The effects of cold rolling texture on the formation of recrystallization texture and the relationship between recrystallization texture and r-value were investigated for sheets of titanium-stabilized extra-high purity Type 436L and Type 409L ferritic stainless steels. The recrystallization texture and average r-value were affected by the cold rolling texture. Annealed sheets with a sharp γ-fiber texture and very high average r-values were obtained from cold-rolled sheets with a strong γ-fiber texture (Type A). On the other hand, the {h,1,1}<1/h,1,2> fiber texture developed from cold-rolled sheets with a strong α-fiber texture (Type C). In terms of the relationship between {111} intensity and the average r-value, chromium content had less effect than the cold rolling texture. The planar anisotropies of r-values and the average r-values of Type 436L and 409L sheets with Type A cold rolling textures agreed well with those calculated from the textures in the center layers by using the relaxed-constraints model and the CRSS ratio τc{211}/τc{110} of 1.1. On the other hand, for the sheets with Type C cold rolling textures and a marked texture gradient, it was necessary to consider the texture gradient in the thickness direction. The texture inhomogeneity by the orientations other than {111} texture affected the relationship between {111} intensity and average rvalue.

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“…Materials with high r values are characterized by a low thickness reduction ratio during forming. [ 38 ] Chao has calculated the r value for single crystal based on crystal plasticity, in which {111}<110> has the r value of 2≈∞ and {001}<110> has the r value of 0. [ 14 ] These values infer that the grains with γ‐fiber orientations preserve lower thickness reduction tendency than the grains with α‐fiber orientations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Plasticity Analysis of the Relation between Micro‐Texture and Surface Ridging for a 21%Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel

Zhang

et al. 2020

steel research int.

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As a nickel-saving stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel has excellent cost and recyclable advantages. However, it has some special properties, such as magnetism, low thermal expansion, excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance, high thermal conductivity, excellent creep resistance, not prone to stress corrosion cracking (SCC), easily cutting and forming, and so on. It is stated that ferritic stainless steel can also be used as an substitute for some carbon steels because of its special durable and low-maintenance advantages. [1] With high purification and alloying design, some ferritic stainless steel grades were developed recently to possess comparable corrosion resistance as AISI 304 or even AISI 316 austenitic stainless steels. [2,3] One problem that restricts the application of ferritic stainless steel is surface quality. After deep drawing or stretching, ferritic stainless steel sheet usually forms an undulation surface morphology, i.e., surface ridging. The deformed sheet displays a corrugated surface, with ridges on one side coinciding with troughs on the opposite side, deteriorating the surface quality, and increasing the polishing cost. [4] Some fluid or dirty chemicals would accumulate at the concave regions, resulting in a severe corrosion tendency. Especially, for recent years, due to the promotion of application fields and amounts of usage, attentions have been increasingly focused on the surface ridging behavior of this kind of steel. [5-7] Surface ridging is normally supposed to be generated by the different plastic deformation responses occurring for the grains with different crystal orientations. Ferritic stainless steel composes a single phase steel when the Cr content is higher than 17 wt%; i.e., no phase transformation occurs at high temperatures. Thus, the solidification structure with columnar and big grains can only be refined through deformation and recrystallization during hot/cold rolling and annealing processes to some extent. As a result, ferritic stainless steel often exhibits intense recrystallization texture after final annealing. [8,9] Meanwhile, the crystallographic orientations distribute inhomogeneously in mesoscale, because they are evolved from the grains with different initial orientations. Sinclair et al. (2003) reported that some columnar grains with <001>//normal direction (ND) orientations possess low Schmid factors and store less energy for subsequent recrystallization process, resulting in texture inhomogeneity. [10] These micro-textures would cause heterogeneous distributed strains in mesoscale during deformation, leading to the formation of surface ridging. Numerous researches have been devoted to improve the surface quality through optimizing the processing technology. For example, Lee et al. recently reported a method that reducing the grain size of as-cast state by increasing nitrogen can reduce the surface

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Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Texture and Surface Morphology Development in Zinc and Zinc-Cobalt Electrodeposits

Texture and Surface Morphology Development in Zinc and Zinc-Cobalt Electrodeposits

Effect of Texture on r-value of Ferritic Stainless Steel Sheets

Crystal Plasticity Analysis of the Relation between Micro‐Texture and Surface Ridging for a 21%Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel

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