GYIRFamide: A Novel FMRFAmide-Related Peptide (FaRP) from the Triclad Turbellarian, Dugesia tigrina

Johnston, R.N.; Shaw, Chris; Halton, D W; Verhaert, Peter; Baguñà, Jaume

doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1554

Cited by 66 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, this is the first demonstration of peptide-immunoreactivity in a turbellarian using an antiserum raised to a native peptide. The cross-reactivity of various FaRP antisera with neuropeptide F and other FaRPs has been well documented Johnston et al, 1995b). However, in studies where the neuroanatomy is under investigation, this crossreactivity with other peptides present may add to the detail observed, and in this case may be beneficial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…FMRFamide, originally isolated from neural extracts of the bivalve mollusc, Macrocallista nimbosa (Price and Greenberg, 1977), has been shown to possess excitatory activity on isolated organs, such as the molluscan heart (Painter and Greenberg, 1982), on whole-worm preparations (Marks et al, 1996) and on isolated flatworm muscle cells (Day et al, 1994;Johnston et al, 1996). Several FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) have been isolated from representatives of the turbellarians Johnston et al, 1995bJohnston et al, , 1996see Table 1). In light of the primary structural homologies, it has been proposed that the structure of the ancestral FaRP in the Bilateria is XYIRFamide, where X represents a variable amino acid residue.…”

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confidence: 98%

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The peptidergic nervous system of the triclad turbellarian,Bdelloura candida (maricola, bdellouridae): An immunocytochemical study using an antiserum raised to an endogenous neuropeptide, GYIRFamide

Johnston¹,

Halton²,

Anderson

et al. 1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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The organisation of the nervous system of Bdelloura candida (Tricladida, Maricola, and Bdellouridae) was studied by immunocytochemistry, by using an antiserum raised to the authentic B. candida FMRFamide-related peptide (FaRP), GYIRFamide. Immunostaining was intense and abundant throughout both the central and peripheral nervous systems, being localised to the brain, the longitudinal nerve cords and their transverse and lateral connections, the pharyngeal plexus, the extensive sub-epidermal and sub-muscular plexuses, and elements of the reproductive apparatus. Compared to an earlier anatomical investigation of this species, and also to the neuroanatomy of other triclad turbellarians, the pattern of GYIRFamide-immunoreactivity reveals differences in the following aspects: the shape and structure of the brain, the distribution of longitudinal nerve cords and their relationships with the peripheral nervous system, the structure and distribution of the lateral nerves and the transverse connectives between the longitudinal nerve cords, organisation of the pharyngeal nervous system, and innervation of the eyespots and epidermal sensory structures. Although this study focuses on a descriptive account of the neuroanatomy of Bdelloura candida, by using anti-GYIRFamide as a neuronal marker, the possible functions of the native peptide are also discussed. The quality and reproducibility of the immunostaining obtained during this work highlights the effectiveness of the GYIRFamide antiserum in the neuroanatomical study of flatworms, and also the suitability of B. candida as a model species in studies of the turbellarian nervous system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

The peptidergic nervous system of the triclad turbellarian,Bdelloura candida (maricola, bdellouridae): An immunocytochemical study using an antiserum raised to an endogenous neuropeptide, GYIRFamide

Johnston¹,

Halton²,

Anderson

et al. 1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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“…In planarians, neurons positive for serotonin, FMRFamide, EGF receptor, metenkephalin (opioid neuropeptide), and neuropeptide F have been detected by immunohistochemistry (Reuter et al 1995a, b;Venturini et al 1983). A peptide named GYRFfamide was the first neuropeptide isolated in planarians (Johnston et al 1995), and a neuropeptide receptor from Girardia tigrina has been reported (Omar et al 2007). Recently, dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons have been described after in situ hybridization for tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase, respectively (Nishimura et al 2007a, b).…”

Section: Neurotransmitters and Planarian Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Regenerating the central nervous system: how easy for planarians!

2007

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The regenerative capabilities of freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes) are very difficult to match. A fragment as tiny as 1/279th of the planarian body is able to regenerate a whole animal within very few days [Morgan. Arch Entwm 7:364-397 (1898)]. Although the planarian central nervous system (CNS) may appear quite morphologically simple, recent studies have shown it to be more complex at the molecular level, revealing a high degree of molecular compartmentalization in planarian cephalic ganglia. Planarian neural genes include homologues of well-known transcription factors and genes involved in human diseases, neurotransmission, axon guidance, signaling pathways, and RNA metabolism. The availability of hundreds of genes expressed in planarian neurons coupled with the ability to silence them through the use of RNA interference makes it possible to start unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying CNS regeneration. In this review, I discuss current knowledge on the planarian nervous system and the genes involved in its regeneration, and I discuss some of the important questions that remain to be answered.

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“…Schneider and Taghert, 1988;Grimmelikhuijzen and Westfall, 1995;Aarnisalo and Panula, 1995). GYIRFamide has been first isolated from an acidified ethanolic extract of the triclad turbellarians, Dugesia tigrina and Bdelloura candida (Johnston et al, 1995(Johnston et al, , 1996. GYIRFamide has been shown to induce motility in the liver fluke F. hepatica, increasing both the frequency and amplitude of muscle contractions (Graham et al, 1997), and to be more potent than FMRFamide (Johnston et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basiepidermal nervous system in Nemertoderma westbladi (Nemertodermatida): GYIRFamide immunoreactivity

Raikova

Reuter

Gustafsson

et al. 2004

Zoology

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GYIRFamide: A Novel FMRFAmide-Related Peptide (FaRP) from the Triclad Turbellarian, Dugesia tigrina

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

The peptidergic nervous system of the triclad turbellarian,Bdelloura candida (maricola, bdellouridae): An immunocytochemical study using an antiserum raised to an endogenous neuropeptide, GYIRFamide

The peptidergic nervous system of the triclad turbellarian,Bdelloura candida (maricola, bdellouridae): An immunocytochemical study using an antiserum raised to an endogenous neuropeptide, GYIRFamide

Regenerating the central nervous system: how easy for planarians!

Basiepidermal nervous system in Nemertoderma westbladi (Nemertodermatida): GYIRFamide immunoreactivity

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