Gynecomastia

Bilateral gynecomastia: a report of one case

“…The second peak occurs during puberty, as a result of an imbalance between estrogens and androgens within the breast tissue. The last peak is found in the adult population, with the highest prevalence among 50-to 80-year-old males [1,3]. Common known causes for gynecomastia in adults include liver disease, as well as the use of drugs such as digitalis and tricyclic antidepressants [5].…”

Gynecomastia: An Uncommon but Important Clinical Manifestation for Testicular Tumors

“…They can produce androgens, mainly testosterone, but can also produce estrogen [16][17][18][19] (by either directly secretion of estradiol or by peripheral testosterone aromatization). Pediatric patients with androgen secreting tumors usually present with precocious puberty; in adults, this secretion rarely causes any notable effects.…”

“…The pathogenesis of gynecomastia in Sertoli cell tumors is due to the increased ratio of estrogen to androgen by increasing the aromatization of estrogen precursors by the tumor cells [17,33].…”

“…Two to four percent of gynecomastia may be the initial presentation of testicular tumors [17,58], while 5% -7% of patients with testicular germ cell tumors will have gynecomastia at the initial presentation with equal incidence between classic seminoma and non-seminoma [59]. Ten percent of hCG secreting testicular tumors have initial presentation of gynaecomastia [60].…”

Elevated serum levels of free triiodothyronine in adolescent boys with gynaecomastia compared with controls

“…A marked elevation of thyroid hormone levels is associated with gynaecomastia in adults with hyperthyroidism (3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12). Thus gynaecomastia is observed in 20-40% of men with hyperthyroidism (4,10) and thyroid hormones are elevated in w2% of newly referred patients with gynaecomastia (9).…”