Gynecomastia as a First Clinical Sign of Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

Kolitsas, N.; Tsambalas, S.; Dimitriadis, F.; Baltogiannis, D.; Vlachopoulou, E.; Vappa, S.; Giannakis, Dimitrios; Tsounapi, P.; Takenaka, Atsushi; Sofikitis, Nikolaos

doi:10.1159/000328387

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Weight loss, symptoms of Cushing's syndrome or mineralocorticoid excess, and the presence of an abdominal mass in the presence of gynecomastia suggest the presence of an adrenal tumor. Gynecomastia might also be the first clinical sign of a testicular cancer [28][29][30][31], the most common neoplasm in young adults [32,33]. Germ cell tumors induce gynecomastia via a different pathway (discussed later), whereas non-germ cell tumors directly secrete estrogens or increase aromatization of T to E2 [34].…”

Section: Estrogen-secreting Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gynecomastia and hormones

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gynecomastia-the enlargement of male breast tissue in men-is a common finding, frequently observed in newborns, adolescents, and old men. Physiological gynecomastia, occurring in almost 25 % of cases, is benign and self-limited; on the other hand, several conditions and drugs may induce proliferation of male breast tissue. True gynecomastia is a common feature often related to estrogen excess and/or androgen deficiency as a consequence of different endocrine disorders. Biochemical evaluation should be performed once physiological or iatrogenic gynecomastia has been ruled out. Non-endocrine illnesses, including liver failure and chronic kidney disease, are another cause of gynecomastia which should be considered. Treating the underlying disease or discontinuing medications might resolve gynecomastia, although the psychosocial burden of this condition might require different and careful consideration.

show abstract

Section: Estrogen-secreting Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gynecomastia and hormones

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Malignant transformation of gynecomastia is rare; however, when present in patients with Klinefelter syndrome, the risk of breast malignancy is up to 30 times greater than the baseline risk for men 5 . In addition, patients presenting with gynecomastia are at an increased risk for testicular germ cell tumors, and therefore, testicular imaging is also warranted 6 . Although the sequelae of malignant manifestations are low, the psychological effects are immense and profound.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 In addition, patients presenting with gynecomastia are at an increased risk for testicular germ cell tumors, and therefore, testicular imaging is also warranted. 6 Although the sequelae of malignant manifestations are low, the psychological effects are immense and profound. Patients with gynecomastia are at an increased risk for depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, decreased self-esteem, and decreased quality of life.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Readability of Online Patient Education Resources Related to Gynecomastia

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The Internet has a plethora of online patient education resources for many symptoms and diseases. National medical governing bodies recommend that patient education materials are written at or below the eighth-grade level, and the literature suggests that health literacy has been linked to increased adherence to treatment regimens and improved outcomes. The primary aim of the study is to assess the readability of online patient materials relating to gynecomastia and ascertain the availability of patient materials in non-English languages. Methods The readability of patient education materials relating to gynecomastia for academic-based websites and nonacademic websites was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG). The prevalence of non-English patient education materials was assessed for both academic-based and nonacademic websites. Results Fifty-eight documents were collected across academic websites. Overall median values were 10.7 for the FKGL, 47.0 for the FRE, and 11.4 for the SMOG. For the 10 nonacademic institutions, the overall median values were 10.6 for the FKGL, 45.2 for the FRE, and 10.8 for the SMOG. No appreciable differences were observed for readability when stratified by region or source. The prevalence of non-English patient materials was 19.1% across institutions. None of the noninstitutional materials had information in non-English languages. Conclusions The readability of patient education materials related to gynecomastia is at higher levels than recommended by national organizations. There are limited non-English patient education materials. Future efforts should focus on improving the readability and accessibility of patient materials.

show abstract