Gypsum karst in the United States

Johnson, Kenneth S.

doi:10.5038/1827-806x.25.3.13

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, these red rock layers and canyons are uncommon on the flat, sod-covered southern high plains today, where the fossils occurred. Presumably some kind of rocky habitat with crevices was available to the bats in this high plains area in the late Miocene, perhaps in places where dissolution of subsurface gypsum resulted in collapse sinks and karstification that provided cavities and crevices open to the surface, and which often filled with Miocene sedimentary deposits (e.g., Johnson, 1989Johnson, , 1996Gutiérrez et al, 2007;Bonnet et al, 2019).…”

Section: Genus Myotis Kaup 1829mentioning

confidence: 98%

Clarendonian (Late Miocene) Bats (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae and Molossidae) From the Ogallala Formation, High Plains of Oklahoma, Usa

Czaplewski

Smith

2023

The Southwestern Naturalist

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Among the small vertebrate fossils of late Miocene age recently recovered from the Ogallala Formation in western Oklahoma are three taxa of bats. The bat fossils occurred together with vertebrate fossils of the Whisenhunt local fauna of Clarendonian age, biochron Cl2, from the Whisenhunt Quarry and another nearby locality tentatively assigned to the same local fauna. The only previous record of fossil bats from the area was of Myotis cf. yumanensis. We prefer to call the previous record of Myotis species indeterminate and provide the first Oklahoma Miocene records of a pallid bat, Antrozous cf. pallidus (Vespertilionidae), and a free-tailed bat of indeterminate genus (Molossidae). The molossid is a relatively large species approximately the size of the recent big free-tailed bat, Nyctinomops macrotis. Although the sample is very limited, these are the only pre-Quaternary bats known from Oklahoma.

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Section: Genus Myotis Kaup 1829mentioning

confidence: 98%

Clarendonian (Late Miocene) Bats (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae and Molossidae) From the Ogallala Formation, High Plains of Oklahoma, Usa

Czaplewski

Smith

2023

The Southwestern Naturalist

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“…Human activities can also play a special role in inducing or enhancing karst processes in evaporitic rocks, and the results can be catastrophic (K.S. Johnson, 1997). Induced collapses in salt deposits are mostly associated with solution-mining and petroleum extraction.…”

Section: Induced Subsidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The environmental impacts of human activities and engineering constructions in karst regions

Milanović¹

2002

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With increasing demands on water resources in karst regions, an important issue is how to keep the balance between the necessity for development and preservation of complex and unpredictable hydrogeological systems. Karst terrains have been modified and adapted through a range of human activities as needs for drinking water, hydroelectric power and other resources increase. In many regions, reclamation projects, construction of large dams and reservoirs, deep underground excavations and complex foundation structures have had a detrimental impact on the environment. However, because each karst region is unique, the nature of environmental change is unpredictable, often occurs very rapidly, and similar situations are seldom, if ever, repeated. Changes in karst function can have a profound impact on regional ecological, infrastructure, social and political systems. The majority of impacts can be foreseen and mitigated by appropriate designs. Ecological and environmental protection is more difficult when the changes are unexpected and source of problem is some distance from the impacted area. Optimal environmental protection requires a multidisciplinary approach, a lot of patience and perseverance, and adequate funds. Legal aspects and insurability are also very important basic elements in karst environmental protection. Criteria for determining the environmental protection, as well as regulatory procedures that are applicable for nonkarst regions are generally not suitable for karst terrain. Successful solutions require serious and complex geological/hydrogeological investigation programs and close cooperation of a wide spectrum of scientists and engineers: geologists, civil engineers, biologists, chemists, hydrogeologists, geophysicists, sociologists and many others. In karst areas where interrelations and interactions are inadequately known, the ultimate aim is identification of crucial parameters that define causes and consequences between human activities and the resulting impact (cause-and-effect relations). As a consequence of human activities and engineering construction in karst regions, the common negative environmental impacts are: severe spring discharge change, groundwater quality deterioration, endemic fauna endangering, waste disposal failures, induced seismicity, induced sinkholes, and a number of different secondary uncertainties. In some cases, socioeconomic problems related to migration from submerged regions are very pronounced. Similar problems are related with flooding of cultural and historical monuments and natural rarities. The major aims of proper planning of water resource systems in karst terrain are to minimize negative and to maximize positive environmental impacts. The optimal strategy of water resources development in karst areas is a key requirement for regional socioeconomic development. Impact of large structures on karst aquifer and downstream springs Construction of large dams and reservoirs, the plugging of underground flows, the artificial drainage of flooded poljes, and the tra...

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“…The geohazards can be natural (neither provoked nor dependent on man and his activities) or of anthropogenic origin (directly caused by man or can be directly linked to human activities disrupting the natural stress balance in the rock mass structure) [10]. Human activities contribute to hazards in such ways as building structures above irregular bedrock surfaces which induce differential compaction of soils above the bedrock [11]. Underground cavities built by man which are abandoned and forgotten over time become a major inducer of subsidence when they, later on, become parts of built-up areas [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karst-Induced Geoharzards in Kenya’s Coastal Region: A Case Study of Vipingo Coral Limestone Quarry

Onyango

Moses

2021

EJGEO

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As the human population grows, the demand for space to settle and infrastructure development puts a strain on land resources hence people move to occupy areas of difficult terrain such as mountainous regions and karst environments. The trends in anthropogenic activities mean that there will be increased human interaction with the perilous terrain and consequently geohazards associated with them. Studies on geohazards in Kenya have focused mostly on landslides in mountainous regions but not much has been reported on geohazards that are common in areas of carbonate rocks such as coral limestone. Vipingo coral limestone quarry, a coastal quarry, is taken as a case study as a number of hazardous situations have been encountered during mining. This paper outlines the karst features, their formation processes in the coralline limestone rock mass, and the resultant geohazards. Field visits made to the quarry complemented with previous exploration reports enabled the collection of field data on rock mass characteristics, karst features, and potential hazardous sites were mapped out. Karstification is evident in traces of pores and fissures filled with soil in the upper layers of the rock. Cavities, voids, and caves occur randomly in the rock mass and are the genesis of incidents such as bench collapse, sagging of overlying rock slaps leading to sinkholes. The rock mass is weak and prone to slope failures. Suggestions have been fronted for geohazard mitigation and further research work for the scientific community. Thus, this work constitutes an important knowledge base for infrastructure development and any other quarries around the area, and for those who are settled around this karst environment in order to preempt geo-accidents.

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Gypsum karst in the United States

Cited by 19 publications

References 3 publications

Clarendonian (Late Miocene) Bats (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae and Molossidae) From the Ogallala Formation, High Plains of Oklahoma, Usa

Clarendonian (Late Miocene) Bats (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae and Molossidae) From the Ogallala Formation, High Plains of Oklahoma, Usa

The environmental impacts of human activities and engineering constructions in karst regions

Karst-Induced Geoharzards in Kenya’s Coastal Region: A Case Study of Vipingo Coral Limestone Quarry

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