Gyrification in first-episode schizophrenia: a morphometric study

Abnormal cortical folding patterns within Broca's area in schizophrenia: Evidence from structural MRI

“…Previous studies have shown regional cortical folding abnormalities of gyrification (Harris et al, 2004a;Harris et al, 2004b;Kulynych et al, 1997;Sallet et al, 2003;Vogeley et al, 2000), asymmetry, complexity and variability (Narr et al, 2001;Narr et al, 2004) in patients with schizophrenia. These studies used a variety of methods to compare the spatial distribution of entire gyri and sulci.…”

“…Cortical folding abnormalities in schizophrenia measured using the gyrification index (GI) methodology (Zilles et al, 1988) have been reported in post-mortem (Vogeley et al, 2000) and MRI studies (Harris et al, 2004a;Harris et al, 2004b;Kulynych et al, 1997;Sallet et al, 2003). Since the GI measures the ratio of inner and outer cortical surface contours, these studies were limited to analyses of brain slices in different lobes.…”

A framework for in vivo quantification of regional brain folding in premature neonates

“…It was recently used to compare gyrification in preterm and full-term children [Kesler et al, 2006]. It has been widely applied to assess gyrification patterns in adults with different neurological disorders including schizophrenia [Kulynych et al, 1997, Vogeley et al, 2000, White et al, 2003, Sallet et al, 2003, Harris et al, 2004, temporal lobe epilepsy [Oyegbile et al, 2004], Williams syndrome [Schmitt et al, 2002], and dyslexia [Casanova et al, 2004].…”

Reduced Cortical Folding in Mental Retardation

“…7,8 Cortical folding, which appears in humans in the fifth fetal month and continues its development into the first postnatal year, 9 is thought to reflect not only corticocortical connectivity 10 but also optimal intracortical organization, with the most axonal connections in the least possible volume. 11 Many researchers have shown that abnormal patterns of cortical gyrification have been associated with cognitive-behavioral deficits among individuals with schizophrenia, developmental language disorders, and dyslexia [12][13][14][15] ; however, few studies have been performed on cortical gyrification in MR, given its cognitive impairment. Using A-GI, a region-of-interest study reported that patients with MR have reduced gyrification in the prefrontal lobe compared with healthy controls.…”