Gyrophoric Acid, a Secondary Metabolite of Lichens, Exhibits Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Activity In Vivo in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Gyrophoric acid (GA) is a secondary metabolite of various lichens. It exhibits various biological activities in vitro, but only one study has been carried out in vivo. Because our previous study showed that GA stimulates neurogenesis in healthy rats, the current study aimed to explore the potential of GA during stress-induced depressive-like states in male Wistar rats. In the experiment, pregnant females were used. In the last week of pregnancy, females were subjected to restraint stress. After birth, progeny aged 60 days were stressed repeatedly. The males were divided into three groups: control animals (CTR; n = 10), males with a depression-like state (DEP; n = 10), and GA-treated animals (GA; n = 10). GA males were treated with GA (per os 10 mg/kg) daily for one month, starting from the 60th postnatal day. Our results indicate that GA acts as an antioxidant, as shown by a lowered ROS level in leukocytes (p < 0.01). Moreover, it prolonged the time spent in open arms in the elevated plus maze (p < 0.001). Concomitantly, the stimulation of proliferative activity in hippocampal regions was seen (hilus p < 0.01; subgranular zone p < 0.001) when compared with DEP males. Additionally, the number of mature neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus increased markedly (p < 0.01), indicating the role of GA in the maturation process of neurons. Thus, our study points to the potential anxiolytic/antidepressant activity of GA. However, future studies are needed in this complex area.