Metal–organic
frameworks (MOFs) are getting closer to finally
being used in commercial applications. In order to maximize their
packing density, mechanical strength, stability in reactive environments,
and many other properties, the compaction of MOF powders is a fundamental
step for the application field of research of these extraordinary
materials. In particular, HKUST-1 is among the most promising and
studied MOF. Contrary to what reported so far in the literature, here
we prove that the tableting of HKUST-1 powders without any damage
of the lattice is possible and easy to get. For the first time, this
kind of investigation has been performed exploiting its peculiar magnetic
properties with the aid of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Indeed, they have allowed us to explore in detail all the smallest
changes induced in the paramagnetic paddle-wheel units by the application
of the mechanical pressure on the material. This original approach
has permitted us to unveil the main source of structural instability
of HKUST-1 during compaction, that is, the water molecules adsorbed
by the powdered sample before tableting and finally to establish a
proper compaction protocol. Our conclusions are also fully supported
by the results obtained with powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform
infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, water sorption
isotherms, and surface area estimation with the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
method, which prove that the tablet of HKUST-1 obtained by this new
protocol actually preserves the crystal structure and porosity of
the pristine powders. A morphological characterization has also been
conducted with a combined use of optical and atomic force microscopies.