H₂O₂, NO, and H₂S networks during root development and signalling under physiological and challenging environments: Beneficial or toxic?

Abstract

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a key modulator of the development and architecture of the root system under physiological and adverse environmental conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) also exert myriad functions on plant development and signalling. Accumulating pieces of evidence show that depending upon the dose and mode of applications, NO and H2S can have synergistic or antagonistic actions in mediating H2O2 signalling during root development. Thus, H2O2‐NO‐H2S crosstalk might essentially impart tolerance to elude oxidative stress in roots. Growth and proliferation of root apex involve crucial orchestration of NO and H2S‐mediated ROS signalling which also comprise other components including mitogen‐activated protein kinase, cyclins, cyclin‐dependent kinases, respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH), and Ca2+ flux. This assessment provides a comprehensive update on the cooperative roles of NO and H2S in modulating H2O2 homoeostasis during root development, abiotic stress tolerance, and root‐microbe interaction. Furthermore, it also analyses the scopes of some fascinating future investigations associated with strigolactone and karrikins concerning H2O2‐NO‐H2S crosstalk in plant roots.

Nitric Oxide: Functional Interaction With Phytohormones and Applications in Crop Production

“…S-nitrosation is a reversible process that can alter the functional activity of target proteins. Many cellular processes in plants, including those involved in responding to environmental factors and immune function, are considered to depend on protein S-nitrosation (Corpas, Barroso, 2015;Mukherjee, Corpas, 2023). Protein S-nitrosation occurs without the involvement of enzymes (Arora et al, 2016).…”

“…Although the list of plant proteins whose activity is controlled by nitric oxide is constantly expanding. Examples of such proteins that are important for plant adaptation to stress factors are given in recent reviews (Kolupaev et al, 2022b;Mukherjee, Corpas, 2023).…”

“…Thus, the same proteins can be targets of S-nitrosation and persulfidation (hydrogen sulfide-induced PTM) (Aroca et al, 2018). These include, for example, enzymes that both degrade (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) and generate ROS (NADPH oxidase) (Mukherjee, Corpas, 2023).…”

“…Such effects are related both to the direct modification by active molecules of functional groups of enzyme molecules synthesizing signaling mediators and to the mediated influence of these molecules on the expression of genes encoding the corresponding enzymes. The fundamental knowledge accumulated in recent years in this area is beyond the scope of this review, but it has been analyzed in a number of recent summaries (Kolupaev et al, 2022b;Mukherjee, Corpas, 2023).…”

Soybean (Glycine max L.) Lipoxygenase 1 (LOX 1) Is Modulated by Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide: An In Vitro Approach

“…Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) are two molecules that are endogenously generated in plant cells [9,10]. These molecules and derived molecules designed as reactive nitrogen and sulfur species (RNS and RSS, respectively) participate directly or indirectly in many physiological processes [11][12][13][14][15], and are the response against a wide range of adverse stressful conditions [16,17]. One of the mechanisms to regulate the function of target 2 of 11 proteins is through post-translational modifications (PTMs), mainly nitration, S-nitrosation, metal nitrosylation, and persulfidation [9,18,19].…”