H<sup>+</sup>
-driven increase in CO<sub>2</sub>
 uptake and decrease in 
HCO3− uptake explain coccolithophores' acclimation responses to ocean acidification

Kottmeier, Dorothee; Rokitta, Sebastian; Rost, Björn

doi:10.1002/lno.10352

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…huxleyi , the CO 2 uptake rate was found to increase significantly after either short‐term or long‐term acclimation to acidification alone (Kottmeier et al. ,b). Determining why acidification, rather than carbonation, drives the increase in CO 2 uptake in key marine phytoplankton (e.g., diatoms and coccolithophores) would be of importance to understand how marine primary production will respond to oceanic acidification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, both short‐term and long‐term experiments with the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi have shown that acidification, and not carbonation, is the major regulator of the calcifier's response in C fluxes to OA (Kottmeier et al. ,b), while the CCM of E. huxleyi is responsive to CO 2 and bicarbonate, but not to pH (Bach et al. ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, acidification seems to increase the metabolic burden on the coccolithophore (Kottmeier et al. ). However, most previous and above‐mentioned studies on diatoms have only examined the combined effects of carbonation and acidification (i.e., OA) without differentiating between their individual impacts (Wu et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The physiological response of marine diatoms to ocean acidification: differential roles of seawater pCO₂ and pH

Shi

Hong

Shen

et al. 2019

Journal of Phycology

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Although increasing the pCO2 for diatoms will presumably down‐regulate the CO2‐concentrating mechanism (CCM) to save energy for growth, different species have been reported to respond differently to ocean acidification (OA). To better understand their growth responses to OA, we acclimated the diatoms Thalassiosira pseudonana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Chaetoceros muelleri to ambient (pCO2 400 μatm, pH 8.1), carbonated (pCO2 800 μatm, pH 8.1), acidified (pCO2 400 μatm, pH 7.8), and OA (pCO2 800 μatm, pH 7.8) conditions and investigated how seawater pCO2 and pH affect their CCMs, photosynthesis, and respiration both individually and jointly. In all three diatoms, carbonation down‐regulated the CCMs, while acidification increased both the photosynthetic carbon fixation rate and the fraction of CO2 as the inorganic carbon source. The positive OA effect on photosynthetic carbon fixation was more pronounced in C. muelleri, which had a relatively lower photosynthetic affinity for CO2, than in either T. pseudonana or P. tricornutum. In response to OA, T. pseudonana increased respiration for active disposal of H+ to maintain its intracellular pH, whereas P. tricornutum and C. muelleri retained their respiration rate but lowered the intracellular pH to maintain the cross‐membrane electrochemical gradient for H+ efflux. As the net result of changes in photosynthesis and respiration, growth enhancement to OA of the three diatoms followed the order of C. muelleri > P. tricornutum > T. pseudonana. This study demonstrates that elucidating the separate and joint impacts of increased pCO2 and decreased pH aids the mechanistic understanding of OA effects on diatoms in the future, acidified oceans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The physiological response of marine diatoms to ocean acidification: differential roles of seawater pCO₂ and pH

Shi

Hong

Shen

et al. 2019

Journal of Phycology

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“…Among the haptophytes these three identified genera are all prymnesiophytes, indicating that this entire class might be negatively impacted by increasing seawater levels of carbon dioxide. Potential drivers of reduced cell abundances include reduced cellular growth rates, indeed reported affected in singlespecies and mesocosm CO 2 experiments (for details see Riebesell et al, 2017)-although it should be noted that the responsible carbonate chemistry parameter is rather the concomitantly decreasing pH level than increasing CO 2 (Bach et al, 2011;Kottmeier et al, 2016). Optimum CO 2 /pH levels for growth have been suggested to vary between species and strains (e.g., Langer et al, 2006Langer et al, , 2009Krug et al, 2011;Bach et al, 2015), but also by other environmental factors such as temperature (Sett et al, 2014) and light (Rost et al, 2002;Rokitta and Rost, 2012;Zhang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Potential Co 2 Effects On Prymnesiophytes (Haptophyta) Withmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phytoplankton Blooms at Increasing Levels of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Experimental Evidence for Negative Effects on Prymnesiophytes and Positive on Small Picoeukaryotes

et al. 2017

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Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and the ongoing accumulation in the surface ocean together with concomitantly decreasing pH and calcium carbonate saturation states have the potential to impact phytoplankton community composition and therefore biogeochemical element cycling on a global scale. Here we report on a recent mesocosm CO 2 perturbation study (Raunefjorden, Norway), with a focus on organic matter and phytoplankton dynamics. Cell numbers of three phytoplankton groups were particularly affected by increasing levels of seawater CO 2 throughout the entire experiment, with the cyanobacterium Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes (prasinophytes) profiting, and the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (prymnesiophyte) being negatively impacted. Combining these results with other phytoplankton community CO 2 experiments into a data-set of global coverage suggests that, whenever CO 2 effects are found, prymnesiophyte (especially coccolithophore) abundances are negatively affected, while the opposite holds true for small picoeukaryotes belonging to the class of prasinophytes, or the division of chlorophytes in general. Future reductions in calcium carbonate-producing coccolithophores, providing ballast which accelerates the sinking of particulate organic matter, together with increases in picoeukaryotes, an important component of the microbial loop in the euphotic zone, have the potential to impact marine export production, with feedbacks to Earth's climate system.

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“…OA has the potential to negatively impact marine organism (Melzner et al, 2009). For example, OA can decrease calcification rate (e.g., Kottmeier et al, 2016) and induce oxidative stress (e.g., Moolten, 2009). In the Akoya pearl oyster Pinctada fucata , calcification was proved to decrease due to OA (Liu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defense Responses to Short-term Hypoxia and Seawater Acidification in the Thick Shell Mussel Mytilus coruscus

et al. 2017

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The rising anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 results in the reduction of seawater pH, namely ocean acidification (OA). In East China Sea, the largest coastal hypoxic zone was observed in the world. This region is also strongly impacted by ocean acidification as receiving much nutrient from Changjiang and Qiantangjiang, and organisms can experience great short-term natural variability of DO and pH in this area. In order to evaluate the defense responses of marine mussels under this scenario, the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus were exposed to three pH/pCO2 levels (7.3/2800 μatm, 7.7/1020 μatm, 8.1/376 μatm) at two dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO, 2.0, 6.0 mg L−1) for 72 h. Results showed that byssus thread parameters, such as the number, diameter, attachment strength and plaque area were reduced by low DO, and shell-closing strength was significantly weaker under both hypoxia and low pH conditions. Expression patterns of genes related to mussel byssus protein (MBP) were affected by hypoxia. Generally, hypoxia reduced MBP1 and MBP7 expressions, but increased MBP13 expression. In conclusion, both hypoxia and low pH induced negative effects on mussel defense responses, with hypoxia being the main driver of change. In addition, significant interactive effects between pH and DO were observed on shell-closing strength. Therefore, the adverse effects induced by hypoxia on the defense of mussels may be aggravated by low pH in the natural environments.

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H⁺ -driven increase in CO₂ uptake and decrease in HCO3− uptake explain coccolithophores' acclimation responses to ocean acidification

Cited by 43 publications

References 76 publications

The physiological response of marine diatoms to ocean acidification: differential roles of seawater pCO₂ and pH

The physiological response of marine diatoms to ocean acidification: differential roles of seawater pCO₂ and pH

Phytoplankton Blooms at Increasing Levels of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Experimental Evidence for Negative Effects on Prymnesiophytes and Positive on Small Picoeukaryotes

Defense Responses to Short-term Hypoxia and Seawater Acidification in the Thick Shell Mussel Mytilus coruscus

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H+ -driven increase in CO2 uptake and decrease in HCO3− uptake explain coccolithophores' acclimation responses to ocean acidification

Cited by 43 publications

References 76 publications

The physiological response of marine diatoms to ocean acidification: differential roles of seawater pCO2 and pH

The physiological response of marine diatoms to ocean acidification: differential roles of seawater pCO2 and pH

Phytoplankton Blooms at Increasing Levels of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Experimental Evidence for Negative Effects on Prymnesiophytes and Positive on Small Picoeukaryotes

Defense Responses to Short-term Hypoxia and Seawater Acidification in the Thick Shell Mussel Mytilus coruscus

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H⁺ -driven increase in CO₂ uptake and decrease in HCO3− uptake explain coccolithophores' acclimation responses to ocean acidification

The physiological response of marine diatoms to ocean acidification: differential roles of seawater pCO₂ and pH

The physiological response of marine diatoms to ocean acidification: differential roles of seawater pCO₂ and pH