H0LiCOW – V. New COSMOGRAIL time delays of HE 0435−1223:H₀to 3.8 per cent precision from strong lensing in a flat ΛCDM model

Abstract

We present a new measurement of the Hubble Constant H 0 and other cosmological parameters based on the joint analysis of three multiply-imaged quasar systems with measured gravitational time delays. First, we measure the time delay of HE 0435−1223 from 13-year light curves obtained as part of the COSMOGRAIL project. Companion papers detail the modeling of the main deflectors and line of sight effects, and how these data are combined to determine the time-delay distance of HE 0435−1223. Crucially, the measurements are carried out blindly with respect to cosmological parameters in order to avoid confirmation bias. We then combine the timedelay distance of HE 0435−1223 with previous measurements from systems B1608+656 and RXJ1131−1231 to create a Time Delay Strong Lensing probe (TDSL). In flat ΛCDM with free matter and energy density, we find H 0 = 71.9 +2.4 −3.0 km s −1 Mpc −1 and Ω Λ = 0.62 +0.24 −0.35 . This measurement is completely independent of, and in agreement with, the local distance ladder measurements of H 0 . We explore more general cosmological models combining TDSL with other probes, illustrating its power to break degeneracies inherent to other methods. The joint constraints from TDSL and Planck are H 0 = 69.2 +1.4 −2.2 km s −1 Mpc −1 , Ω Λ = 0.70 +0.01 −0.01 and Ω k = 0.003 +0.004 −0.006 in open ΛCDM and H 0 = 79.0 +4.4 −4.2 km s −1 Mpc −1 , Ω de = 0.77 +0.02 −0.03 and w = −1.38 +0.14 −0.16 in flat w CDM. In combination with Planck and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation data, when relaxing the constraints on the numbers of relativistic species we find N eff = 3.34 +0.21 −0.21 in N eff ΛCDM and when relaxing the total mass of neutrinos we find Σm ν ≤ 0.182 eV in m ν ΛCDM. Finally, in an open w CDM in combination with Planck and CMB lensing we find H 0 = 77.9 +5.0 −4.2 km s −1 Mpc −1 , Ω de = 0.77 +0.03 −0.03 , Ω k = −0.003 +0.004 −0.004 and w = −1.37 +0.18 −0.23 .

Interacting dark sector and precision cosmology

“…Notice that as ∆N fluid → 0 then R → ∞ and c 2 sp → 0 so that Eq. (8) reduces to that of δ cdm in ΛCDM.…”

Elucidating ΛCDM: Impact of Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Measurements on the Hubble Constant Discrepancy

“…Strong lensing timing delay measurements have produced H 0 constraints consisgaddison@jhu.edu 1 Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218-2686 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada tent with the distance ladder, and in mild tension with Planck (Bonvin et al 2017). Tensions also exist between the Planck predictions for the growth of cosmic structure (through the matter density, Ω m , and present-day density fluctuation amplitude, σ 8 ) and measurements using weak gravitational lensing (e.g., Hildebrandt et al 2017;Joudaki et al 2017;Alsing et al 2017;Köhlinger et al 2017).…”

Analysis of the Angular Dependence of Time Delay in Gravitational Lensing

“…The most important quests where gravitational time delay occurs are the determination of the Hubble constant [12] and the tests of General Relativity [24]. In all these cases the formula which is used is the one appearing in Ref.…”

“…At most, the Equation (4) is heuristically modified, as done in Ref. [12] in order to take into account the multiple galaxies at different redshifts close in projection to the strong lens system. Actually, formulae for time delay have also been given for very particular cases, like, for instance, in Ref.…”

“…The most important modern techniques arise from the study of the perturbations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) [7], the Supernovae 1A (SN 1A) [6] and the effect of Gravitational Lensing (GL) [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Nevertheless, the different measurements are not compatible one with each other, and still a slight tension about the correct value of H 0 does remain [14].…”