“…Thus, H2AK119ub1 and H3K27me3, which are catalyzed by the polycomb repressive complexes (PRC1 and PRC2), mediate maternal allele-specific silencing of at least seven imprinted genes, namely Sfmbt2, Phf17, Gab1, Sall1, Platr20 (5133400J02Rik), Smoc1, and Slc38a4, in mice (Figure 1C), several of which have been previously shown to play important roles in placental function and development (Itoh et al, 2000;Miri et al, 2013;Matoba et al, 2019). Maternal H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub1 are not maintained beyond pre-implantation development (Hanna et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2021;Mei et al, 2021), and transition to a more permanent epigenetic state is required to preserve paternal expression during post-implantation development (Inoue et al, 2017a;Chen et al, 2019;Hanna et al, 2019). The long terminal repeats (LTRs) of endogenous retroviral elements can act as alternative promoters for non-canonical imprinted genes and paternal allele-specific accumulation of the active histone mark H3K4me3 (trimethylation of H3 at lysine 4) occurs at these LTR promoters (Hanna et al, 2019).…”