H2S removal with ZnO during fuel processing for PEM fuel cell applications

Li, Liyu; King, David L.

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2006.06.024

Cited by 57 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Among them, ZnO desulfurization sorbent is major one for H 2 S removal at moderate temperature because the thermodynamics of ZnO-H 2 S reaction is more favorable than other desulfurization sorbent and there is high sorption sulfur capacity. But ZnO is not efficient to removal COS, addition of CO even at levels as low as 1 vol.% drastically lowered the sulfur removal capacity of the ZnO and this is consistent with the formation of COS by the reaction H 2 S+CO=H 2 +COS [10]. Coal gas requiring zinc oxide desulfurization is composed of H 2 , CO, CO 2 , and N2.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

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Preparation and Desulfurization Behavior of Zinc Oxide Based Sorbent for Moderate Temperature

Zhao

Fan

et al. 2010

2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering

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Zinc oxide based moderate-temperature sorbents were obtained by mixing active zinc oxide with other additives, shaping, drying and calcinating in a given order. The influences of preparation conditions on the desulfurization behaviors for the prepared ZnO based desulfurization sorbent were carried out in simulated coal gas using a fixed-bed reactor. The changes of crystal phase before and after desulfurization were characterized by XRD. The experimental results showed that ZnO based desulfurization sorbent was effective for removing H 2 S in simulating coal gas at 300 0 C, space velocity 2000 h -1 . When H 2 S concentration in inlet gas was 1100 mg/m 3 and H 2 S concentration in outlet gas was no more than 0.1 mg/m 3 , the accumulated sorption sulfur capacity in the prepared ZnO based desulfurization sorbent reached 12 wt.%. But there is carbonyl sulfide in outlet gas during desulfurization process, and carbonyl sulfide concentration in outlet gas approached 40 mg/m 3 as H 2 S concentration in out gas breakthrough. Both the decomposition temperature for precursor basic zinc carbonate and the additives for ZnO based sorbent influenced the desulfurization behavior of the prepared desulfurization sorbent. The best preparation conditions are shown in the following: both the decomposition temperature of basic zinc carbonated and the calcination temperature of ZnO sorbent are 500 0 C; the additive is graphite.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The ability of ZnO to function as an effective sulfur adsorbent with H 2 S-containing syngas feeds is compromised by the formation of COS, which is catalyzed by ZnO [10].…”

Section: A Influence Of Additive On Desulfurization Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Desulfurization Behavior of Zinc Oxide Based Sorbent for Moderate Temperature

Zhao

Fan

et al. 2010

2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering

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“…In well stimulation treatments, the products of the reaction between H 2 S and a scavenger should not damage the formation by creating precipitation or hindering functions of another additive. Mainly, triazine based scavengers have been extensively used in stimulation treatments to remove H 2 S from flowed back fluids [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation for estimation of hydrogen sulfide scavenger injection dose rate for treatment of crude oil

El-Shiekh

Elmawgoud

Khalil

et al. 2015

Egyptian Journal of Petroleum

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The presence of hydrogen sulfide in the hydrocarbon fluids is a well known problem in many oil and gas fields. Hydrogen sulfide is an undesirable contaminant which presents many environmental and safety hazards. It is corrosive, malodorous, and toxic. Accordingly, a need has been long left in the industry to develop a process which can successfully remove hydrogen sulfide from the hydrocarbons or at least reduce its level during the production, storage or processing to a level that satisfies safety and product specification requirements. The common method used to remove or reduce the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the hydrocarbon production fluids is to inject the hydrogen sulfide scavenger into the hydrocarbon stream. One of the chemicals produced by the Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) is EPRI H 2 S scavenger. It is used in some of the Egyptian petroleum producing companies. The injection dose rate of H 2 S scavenger is usually determined by experimental lab tests and field trials. In this work, this injection dose rate is mathematically estimated by modeling and simulation of an oil producing field belonging to Petrobel Company in Egypt which uses EPRI H 2 S scavenger. Comparison between the calculated and practical values of injection dose rate emphasizes the real ability of the proposed equation. Ó 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ 4.0/).

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“…These products depend on the type & composition of the scavenger and the conditions at which the reaction takes place. Certain scavengers produce solids, such as metal-based scavengers, while others produce soluble products, such as triazines (Jung et al 2006, Li and King 2006, Ros et al, 2007, Bakke 2004, Williams 2010. Therefore, for a certain recipe, choosing the proper scavenger is as imperative as its function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triazine-Based Scavengers: Can They Be a Potential for Formation Damage

2012

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Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) scavengers have been used extensively in different field operations such as drilling and acid stimulation treatments. Typically, H 2 S scavengers are preliminarily designed to react effectively at different in-situ conditions. For example, Triazine-based scavengers are designed for neutral-high pH conditions, while aldehyde-based scavengers are intended for low pH conditions. However, reaction products of these scavengers with H 2 S could lead to potential formation damage.The efficiency of two Triazine-based H 2 S scavengers were investigated over a wide-range of parameters: solution pH value, temperature and exposure time. Additionally, the effects of both scavenger concentration and its ratio to H 2 S gas on the scavenging capacity were explored. In this work, the scavenger concentration varied from 1 to 5 vol%, reaction temperatures up to 50°C.Earlier studies have shown that, at low pH, triazine-based have a very low efficiency in scavenging H 2 S because the hydrolysis rate of triazine is faster than the reaction rate with H 2 S. Nonetheless, in this study, it was found that long exposure time between triazine-based scavengers and H 2 S can result in significant scavenging efficiency even at low pH values. Doubling the exposure time had almost doubled the amount of scavenged H 2 S in acidic solutions. In addition, this work, for the first time, highlights the possibility of calcium sulfide (CaS) precipitation in spent acid containing H 2 S scavengers. This precipitation has been observed when low scavenger concentrations were used in spent hydrochloric (HCl) acid. This paper provides optimum design parameters that allow for much effective use of H 2 S scavengers without causing the formation of calcium sulfide scale.

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H2S removal with ZnO during fuel processing for PEM fuel cell applications

Cited by 57 publications

References 7 publications

Preparation and Desulfurization Behavior of Zinc Oxide Based Sorbent for Moderate Temperature

Preparation and Desulfurization Behavior of Zinc Oxide Based Sorbent for Moderate Temperature

Simulation for estimation of hydrogen sulfide scavenger injection dose rate for treatment of crude oil

Triazine-Based Scavengers: Can They Be a Potential for Formation Damage

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