H5N1 infection of the respiratory tract and beyond: a molecular pathology study

Gu, Jiang; Xie, Zhigang; Gao, Zhancheng; Liu, Jinhua; Korteweg, Christine; Ye, Juxiang; Lau, Lok Ting; Lu, Jie; Gao, Zifen; Zhang, Bo; McNutt, Michael A.; Lu, Minjie; Anderson, Virginia; Gong, Encong; Yu, Albert Cheung Hoi; Lipkin, W. Ian

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61515-3

Cited by 333 publications

(371 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Multiorgan spread and systemic virus replication are common features of pathogenic human and avian H5N1 (59,60) or avian/ equine H7N7 (60) infections of mice, but they are rare complications following inoculation with other human strains, even with the virulent 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus (61). In general terms, seasonal human influenza viruses remain confined to the respiratory tract in the mouse model, as the protease enzymes required to cleave viral HA0 are common in the lungs and trachea but not in other tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils Ameliorate Lung Injury and the Development of Severe Disease during Influenza Infection

Tate

Deng

Jones

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

286

308

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The clinical response to influenza infection ranges from mild disease to severe pneumonia and it remains unclear whether the inflammatory response to infection is protective or pathogenic. We have defined a novel role for neutrophils in ameliorating lung injury during influenza infection, thereby limiting development of severe disease. Infection of neutrophil-depleted mice with influenza virus HKx31 (H3N2) led to rapid weight loss, pneumonia, and death. Neutropenia was associated with enhanced virus replication in the respiratory tract; however, viral titers were declining at the time of death, leading us to investigate other factors contributing to mortality. In addition to thymic atrophy, lymphopenia, and viremic spread, depletion of neutrophils led to exacerbated pulmonary inflammation, edema, and respiratory dysfunction. Thus, while it is well established that neutrophils contribute to lung injury in a range of pathological conditions, reduced numbers or impaired neutrophil function can facilitate progression of mild influenza to severe clinical disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils Ameliorate Lung Injury and the Development of Severe Disease during Influenza Infection

Tate

Deng

Jones

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

286

308

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies have shown that type II cells also express influenza virus receptors (17)(18)(19)(20). In fact, avian influenza H5N1 virus has also been detected in type II cells of humans who died during infection (31). The adaptive immune system becomes activated during infection and responds by creating virus-specific CD8 1 CTLs and antibodies that help clear virus and provide protection against subsequent infection (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Hyperoxia Enhances the Inflammatory Response in Adult Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus

O’Reilly

Marr

Yee

et al. 2008

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

112

124

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Rationale: Lungs of adult mice exposed to hyperoxia as newborns are simplified and exhibit reduced function much like that observed in people who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) as infants. Because survivors of BPD also show increased risk for symptomatic respiratory infections, we investigated how neonatal hyperoxia affected the response of adult mice infected with influenza A virus infection. Objectives: To determine whether neonatal hyperoxia increased the severity of influenza A virus infection in adult mice. Methods: Adult female mice exposed to room air or hyperoxia between Postnatal Days 1 and 4 were infected with a sublethal dose of influenza A virus. Measurements and Main Results: The number of macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes observed in airways of infected mice that had been exposed to hyperoxia as neonates was significantly greater than in infected siblings that had been exposed to room air. Enhanced inflammation correlated with increased levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (CCL2) in lavage fluid, whereas infectionassociated changes in IFN-g, IL-1b, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-a, KC, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1a, and production of virus-specific antibodies, were largely unaffected. Increased mortality of mice exposed to neonatal hyperoxia occurred by Day 14 of infection, and was associated with persistent inflammation and fibrosis. Conclusions: These data suggest that the disruptive effect of hyperoxia on neonatal lung development also reprograms key innate immunoregulatory pathways in the lung, which may contribute to exacerbated pathology and poorer resistance to respiratory viral infections typically seen in people who had BPD.

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“…La virémie est très inconstante au cours de la grippe saisonnière, tout comme la transmission transplacentaire au foetus (revue dans [19]). À l'inverse, plusieurs cas de passage transplacentaire du virus H5N1 ont été documentés [20], par la présence d'ADN viral dans le cytotrophoblaste [21]. Dans une série anglaise portant sur 3 975 femmes, aucun cas d'infection foetale à influenza n'a pus être mis en évidence par la recherche d'IgM dans le sang de cordon [22].…”

Section: Morbi-mortalité Affectant Le Foetus Et La Grossesseunclassified

Faut-il avoir peur de la grippe chez la femme enceinte ?

Charlier

Launay²,

Coignard-Biehler

et al. 2010

Med Sci (Paris)

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H5N1 infection of the respiratory tract and beyond: a molecular pathology study

Abstract: In addition to the lungs, H5N1 influenza virus infects the trachea and disseminates to other organs including the brain. The virus could also be transmitted from mother to fetus across the placenta.

Cited by 333 publications

References 37 publications

Neutrophils Ameliorate Lung Injury and the Development of Severe Disease during Influenza Infection

Neutrophils Ameliorate Lung Injury and the Development of Severe Disease during Influenza Infection

Neonatal Hyperoxia Enhances the Inflammatory Response in Adult Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus

Faut-il avoir peur de la grippe chez la femme enceinte ?

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