H5N1 Virus Attachment to Lower Respiratory Tract

Riel, Debby van; Munster, Vincent J.; Wit, Emmie de; Rimmelzwaan, Guus F.; Fouchier, Ron A. M.; Osterhaus, A. D. M. E.; Kuiken, Thijs

doi:10.1126/science.1125548

Cited by 607 publications

(546 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In contrast, vaccination with MVA-H5 reduced virus replication in both the lower and upper respiratory tract. However, since it is well-established that H5N1 viruses replicate poorly in the upper respiratory tract because of absence of specific receptors (SA-a-2,3-Gal) used by avian influenza virus, it is likely that the virus detected in the upper respiratory tract of H5N1-infected macaques was derived from the lungs (van Riel et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-based candidate pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in the ferret model

Kreijtz¹,

Süzer

Bodewes³

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-based candidate pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in the ferret model

Kreijtz¹,

Süzer

Bodewes³

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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“…Influenza A virus primarily infects airway epithelial and antigen-presenting cells by binding to cell surface terminal oligosaccharides on sialic acid residues. Studies have shown that type II cells also express influenza virus receptors (17)(18)(19)(20). In fact, avian influenza H5N1 virus has also been detected in type II cells of humans who died during infection (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Influenza A viruses primarily infect cells of the respiratory tract because of the selective binding of viral coat proteins to specific terminal oligosaccharides on sialic acid residues, which in humans and mice are typically found on airway epithelial cells, alveolar type II epithelial cells, and antigen-presenting cells (17)(18)(19)(20). It is generally considered that CD8 1 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are the principal means for viral clearance during a primary AT A GLANCE COMMENTARY Scientific Knowledge on the Subject Despite improved therapies for treating bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), it is unknown why survivors are at increased risk for symptomatic respiratory infections and are often rehospitalized.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Hyperoxia Enhances the Inflammatory Response in Adult Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus

O’Reilly

Marr

Yee

et al. 2008

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

112

124

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Rationale: Lungs of adult mice exposed to hyperoxia as newborns are simplified and exhibit reduced function much like that observed in people who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) as infants. Because survivors of BPD also show increased risk for symptomatic respiratory infections, we investigated how neonatal hyperoxia affected the response of adult mice infected with influenza A virus infection. Objectives: To determine whether neonatal hyperoxia increased the severity of influenza A virus infection in adult mice. Methods: Adult female mice exposed to room air or hyperoxia between Postnatal Days 1 and 4 were infected with a sublethal dose of influenza A virus. Measurements and Main Results: The number of macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes observed in airways of infected mice that had been exposed to hyperoxia as neonates was significantly greater than in infected siblings that had been exposed to room air. Enhanced inflammation correlated with increased levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (CCL2) in lavage fluid, whereas infectionassociated changes in IFN-g, IL-1b, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-a, KC, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1a, and production of virus-specific antibodies, were largely unaffected. Increased mortality of mice exposed to neonatal hyperoxia occurred by Day 14 of infection, and was associated with persistent inflammation and fibrosis. Conclusions: These data suggest that the disruptive effect of hyperoxia on neonatal lung development also reprograms key innate immunoregulatory pathways in the lung, which may contribute to exacerbated pathology and poorer resistance to respiratory viral infections typically seen in people who had BPD.

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“…It has now been reported that avian receptors can be found only in the lower respiratory tract in man, possibly explaining why zoonotic cases up until now have been few 11 , 12 , 13 . Structural studies have demonstrated that just one or two amino acid substitutions at the receptor‐binding region of the HA could change the receptor preference, and this has been seen in the case of occasional isolates of H5N1 viruses from human casees 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines for an influenza pandemic: scientific and political challenges

Haaheim

2007

Influenza Resp Viruses

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So far, most published results from clinical trials using various avian influenza virus vaccine formulations have been disappointing. Should the pandemic strike, we still do not have the ability to provide an efficacious pandemic vaccine in time and in sufficient quantities for the world. The H5N1 enzootic could potentially give rise to a pandemic at any time. Transcontinental air traffic could seed the pandemic virus to most corners of the globe within a few weeks/months. We still have a unique window of opportunity to stimulate and support academia and the pharmaceutical industry to accelerate the urgently needed vaccine research. The political inertia is surprising, particularly as politicians, if and when a pandemic eventuates, will be asked why, despite repeated warnings, they did not take appropriate action in time. It is a governmental obligation – and not that of the WHO or the pharmaceutical industry – to protect their nationals. Moreover, when the poorer nations of this world realize that equitable quantities of the scarce supplies of vaccines, drugs and medical essentials will not come their way, the post‐pandemic international scene will be one of even more deep distrust for many years. This scenario is not acceptable.

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H5N1 Virus Attachment to Lower Respiratory Tract

Cited by 607 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-based candidate pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in the ferret model

Evaluation of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-based candidate pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in the ferret model

Neonatal Hyperoxia Enhances the Inflammatory Response in Adult Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus

Vaccines for an influenza pandemic: scientific and political challenges

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