H9N2 influenza A virus circulates in H5N1 endemically infected poultry population in Egypt

Monne, Isabella; Hussein, Hussein A.; Fusaro, Alice; Valastro, Viviana; Hamoud, Mohamed M.; Khalefa, Rabab A.; Dardir, Shahin; Radwan, Moustafa I.; Capua, Ilaria; Cattoli, Giovanni

doi:10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00399.x

Cited by 88 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Positive results were obtained from broiler farms in Gharbia and Kafr el-Sheikh and the percent in broiler farms was (2.63%) out of total broiler farms (Table 5). These results come in accordance with previous reports stating circulation of H9N2 subtype in Egypt [11][12][13]15]. Sequencing of our isolates and phylogenetic analysis results of our isolates (H5N1 and H9N2) in this study are available and to be published in a separate article.…”

Section: Oligonucleotide Primerssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Twelve, 14,11,11,9,13,17,11,8,12,10,10,10 farms from Qalyubia, Dakahlia, Al Sharqia, Gharbia, Fayum, Giza, Damietta, Minya, Asyut, Alexandria, Beheira, Beni Suef and Kafr el-Sheik governorates consequently (Table 2) were sampled and tested for presence of avian influenza type-A subypes. Forty-five of them 30.4% showed respiratory manifestation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monne et al [13] warned off the circulation of H9 subtype in a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus endemic population provides an opportunity for genetic reassortment and emergence of novel viruses and raises concerns on its control and on the public health implications of such co-circulation. Thus, continuous monitoring of genetic and antigenic changes in HPAI H5N1, development of vaccines using local field isolates, and standard challenge studies for correct evaluation of the efficacy of vaccines are recommended.…”

Section: Oligonucleotide Primersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were taken randomly from 12,14,11,11,9,13,17,11,8,12, 10, 10, 10 farms from Qalyubia, Dakahlia, Al Sharqia, Gharbia, Fayum, Giza, Damietta, Minya, Asyut, Alexandria, Beheira, Beni Suef and Kafr el-Sheik governorates consequently in…”

Section: Cloacal and Tracheal Swabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Egypt, influenza viruses other than H5N1 subtypes were isolated as H3N1, H4N1 [8], H7N1 [9], H7N7 [10] and recently H9N2 [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Surveillance on Avian Influenza H5N1 and H9N2 Subtypes In Egypt 2012-2013

MA¹,

Yi²,

Zeedy³

2014

Poult Fish Wildl Sci

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Surveillance on Avian Influenza Virus in Egypt during 2012 -2013 was undertaken to update the epidemiology of avian influenza virus infections among poultry flocks in Egypt. A total of 148 commercial chicken farms were tested by single-plex RT-PCR for direct detection of avian influenza viruses using type A specific nucleoprotein (NP) gene primer sets. The results revealed 5 positive chicken flocks infected with type-A AIV. These viruses were successfully isolated and propagated in SPF eggs. H5N1/HI test was positive only for three chicken flocks. Subtype specific (RT-PCR) revealed 3 positive H5 chicken flocks (2%) and 2 positive H9 chicken flocks (1.35%). All examined chicken flocks were negative for H7 subtype. Multiplex RT-PCR using H5, H7 and H9 subtypes specific primers confirmed these results. This shows the continuous co-circulation of the AIV H5 and H9 in commercial chicken flocks in Egypt complicating the respiratory problems in affected flocks. Egypt between 2012 -2013. Swabs were placed in 1-2 ml isotonic phosphate buffered saline (PBS) PH 7.0-7.4, chilled immediately on frozen gel packs and submitted to the laboratory as quickly as possible.Tracheal and cloacal swabs collected from each commercial poultry flock were pooled separately. Tracheal swabs were screened with RT-PCR for AIV detection, but cloacal swabs in PBS with antibiotics were subjected for virus isolation. AntiserumSpecific polyclonal antiserum against avian influenza subtype H5N1 was obtained from X-OVO (flock screen, Batch: 1/09) produced by OIE/FAO and National

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Section: Oligonucleotide Primerssupporting

confidence: 82%