Habenula: Crossroad between the Basal Ganglia and the Limbic System

Hikosaka, Okihide; Sesack, Susan R.; Lecourtier, Lucas; Shepard, Paul D.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3463-08.2008

Cited by 382 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Hypotheses about the role of dopamine in reinforcement learning are closely tied to the finding that dopamine neurons fire in relation to (positive) prediction errors in rewarded tasks [119][120][121][122][123][124][125]. Substantia nigra pars compacta neurons also receive information about negative prediction errors, through connections that originate in the lateral habenula [126][127][128][129][130][131].…”

Section: Functional/anatomic Considerations Of the Basal Ganglia Circmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders of Basal Ganglia Origin: Restoring Function or Functionality?

2016

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is highly effective for both hypo-and hyperkinetic movement disorders of basal ganglia origin. The clinical use of DBS is, in part, empiric, based on the experience with prior surgical ablative therapies for these disorders, and, in part, driven by scientific discoveries made decades ago. In this review, we consider anatomical and functional concepts of the basal ganglia relevant to our understanding of DBS mechanisms, as well as our current understanding of the pathophysiology of two of the most commonly DBS-treated conditions, Parkinson's disease and dystonia. Finally, we discuss the proposed mechanism(s) of action of DBS in restoring function in patients with movement disorders. The signs and symptoms of the various disorders appear to result from signature disordered activity in the basal ganglia output, which disrupts the activity in thalamocortical and brainstem networks. The available evidence suggests that the effects of DBS are strongly dependent on targeting sensorimotor portions of specific nodes of the basal gangliathalamocortical motor circuit, that is, the subthalamic nucleus and the internal segment of the globus pallidus. There is little evidence to suggest that DBS in patients with movement disorders restores normal basal ganglia functions (e.g., their role in movement or reinforcement learning). Instead, it appears that high-frequency DBS replaces the abnormal basal ganglia output with a more tolerable pattern, which helps to restore the functionality of downstream networks.

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Section: Functional/anatomic Considerations Of the Basal Ganglia Circmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders of Basal Ganglia Origin: Restoring Function or Functionality?

2016

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“…Aversive stimuli have been reported to induce both excitation (Brischoux et al, 2009) and inhibition (Ungless et al, 2004) of DA neurons, a heterogeneous response correlated to specific subgroups of DA neurons (ventral and dorsal, respectively) within the ventral tegmental area (VTA). On the other hand, glutamatergic neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb), an epithalamic region involved in the mechanisms of fear, anxiety, and stress, respond in a reverse manner, being inhibited by rewards and excited by aversive stimuli (Hikosaka et al, 2008;Matsumoto and Hikosaka, 2007). Noteworthy, activity of DA and LHb neurons appears to be causally correlated, as electrical stimulation of the LHb inhibits DA neurons (Christoph et al, 1986;Ji and Shepard, 2007;Matsumoto and Hikosaka, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Drugs of Abuse on Putative Rostromedial Tegmental Neurons, Inhibitory Afferents to Midbrain Dopamine Cells

Lecca

Melis

Luchicchi

et al. 2010

Neuropsychopharmacol

139

163

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Recent findings have underlined the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), a structure located caudally to the ventral tegmental area, as an important site involved in the mechanisms of aversion. RMTg contains g-aminobutyric acid neurons responding to noxious stimuli, densely innervated by the lateral habenula and providing a major inhibitory projection to reward-encoding midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. One of the key features of drug addiction is the perseverance of drug seeking in spite of negative and unpleasant consequences, likely mediated by response suppression within neural pathways mediating aversion. To investigate whether the RMTg has a function in the mechanisms of addicting drugs, we studied acute effects of morphine, cocaine, the cannabinoid agonist WIN55212-2 (WIN), and nicotine on putative RMTg neurons. We utilized single unit extracellular recordings in anesthetized rats and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in brain slices to identify and characterize putative RMTg neurons and their responses to drugs of abuse. Morphine and WIN inhibited both firing rate in vivo and excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked by stimulation of rostral afferents in vitro, whereas cocaine inhibited discharge activity without affecting EPSC amplitude. Conversely, nicotine robustly excited putative RMTg neurons and enhanced EPSCs, an effect mediated by a7-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Our results suggest that activity of RMTg neurons is profoundly influenced by drugs of abuse and, as important inhibitory afferents to midbrain DA neurons, they might take place in the complex interplay between the neural circuits mediating aversion and reward.

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“…One would expect that, physiologically, the DDCS is involved with some aspect(s) of movement (Hikosaka et al, 2008). Neurophysiological recordings in IP showing a temporal contingency based on head orientation movements associated with specific navigational directions support this inference (Sharp et al, 2006;Clark et al, 2009).…”

Section: Nucleus Rostrolateralis and The Dorsal Diencephalic Conductimentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In mammals, this system connects limbic and striatal forebrain areas to the midbrain (Sutherland, 1982;Hikosaka et al, 2008;Bianco and Wilson, 2009). Its main components, the septal and basal motor areas of the telencephalon, the hab of the diencephalon, and the IP of the mesencephalon, are components of an axial system in every vertebrate species examined (e.g., Sutherland, 1982;Butler and Hodos, 2005;Bianco and Wilson, 2009).…”

Section: Nucleus Rostrolateralis and The Dorsal Diencephalic Conductimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nucleus Rostrolateralis: An Expansion of the Epithalamus in Some Actinopterygii

Saidel

2013

The Anatomical Record

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The diencephalic nucleus rostrolateralis (RL) in the African butterfly fish (Pantodon buchholzi) is a brain nucleus identified in fewer than a dozen of the 25,000 species of actinopterygian fishes. Located in the rostrolateral diencephalon, this nucleus in Pantodon receives direct and indirect visual input from the superior visual field. Its lack of precedent or consistent phylogenetic expression creates a difficulty in interpreting the functional role of this nucleus within the visual system. By tracing experiments, RL was found to be afferent to nucleus interpeduncularis (IP) and the target of cells from the subpallium of the telencephalon. RL is a component of a descending telencephalic pathway involved in at least one behavior at the intersection of limbic and somatic activities-feeding. The parallelism between the ventral telencephalon-RL-IP and the limbic/striatal-habenula-IP pathway (the dorsal diencephalic conduction system, DDCS) suggests that RL is a component within the DDCS. Moreover, the hodological connections of RL suggest that RL is likely a hypertrophy of the lateral habenula. Anat Rec, 296:1594Rec, 296: -1602Rec, 296: , 2013. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: nucleus rostrolateralis; nucleus interpeduncularis; DiI tract tracing; dorsal diencephalic conduction system; epithalamus; African butterflyfishThe habenula (hab) and epiphysis define the epithalamic nodes of the dorsal diencephalic conduction system (DDCS; Sutherland, 1982;Klemm, 2004;Beretta et al., 2012). This pathway is phylogenetically ancient. Its components are found in the most primitive of vertebrates, for example, Eptatretus or hagfish Northcutt, 1992, 1998) and Petromyzon, the lamprey (Ya nez and Anad on, 1994) as well as every descendent branch of the vertebrate phylogeny (Butler and Hodos, 2005;Aizawa et al., 2011;Stephenson-Jones et al., 2012). It is involved in a range of behaviors in which an internal state initiates or modifies one of many behaviors (Sutherland, Abbreviations used: 4th V 5 4th ventricle; ac 5 anterior commissure; CA 5 commissura ansulata; cb 5 cerebellum; COX 5 cytochrome oxidase; DDCS 5 dorsal diencephalic conduction system; DiI 5 1,1 0 -dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethy-lindocarbocyanine perchlorate; EP 5 entopeduncular nucleus; fr 5 fasciculus retroflexus; hab 5 habenula nucleus; IP 5 nucleus interpeduncularis; IPd 5 dorsal division of IP; IPv 5 ventral division of IP; lat hab 5 lateral habenula nucleus; med hab 5 medial habenula nucleus; oc 5 optic chiasm; olf b 5 olfactory bulb; ot 5 optic tectum; OTd 5 dorsal optic tract; RL 5 nucleus rostrolateralis; RLc 5 cell layer of NR; RLn 5 neuropil of NR; telenc 5 telencephalon; tRL 5 tractus RL; VM 5 nucleus ventromedialis.

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Habenula: Crossroad between the Basal Ganglia and the Limbic System

Cited by 382 publications

References 56 publications

Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders of Basal Ganglia Origin: Restoring Function or Functionality?

Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders of Basal Ganglia Origin: Restoring Function or Functionality?

Effects of Drugs of Abuse on Putative Rostromedial Tegmental Neurons, Inhibitory Afferents to Midbrain Dopamine Cells

Nucleus Rostrolateralis: An Expansion of the Epithalamus in Some Actinopterygii

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