Habitat-Capability Model for Brown Bear in Southeast Alaska

Schoen, John W.; Flynn, R. Wesley; Suring, Lowell H.; Titus, Kimberly; Beier, LaVern R.

doi:10.2307/3872718

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…But this approach is likely to reveal the approximations of disturbance effects (Schoen et al 1994, Dixon 1997, Suring et al 1998. Interestingly, our data revealed the three behaviours of red deer responded to human disturbances respectively at similar distances, although there were some differences among three behaviours in responding to abandoned roads.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Holding modeled disturbance effects constant and applying predetermined coefficients allowed us to easily assess the simple "footprint" impacts associated with current forest roads, village and abandoned roads. Similar approaches were used to assess the impacts of human actions on the availability of habitats for grizzly bears (Schoen et al 1994, Dixon 1997, Suring et al 1998). Consequently we required the final model to have a relative low AIC and a convex Gaussian disturbance term indicative of avoidance of a disturbance feature.…”

Section: Statistical Definition Of Resource Selection and Model Selecmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of human disturbance on movement, foraging and bed selection in red deerCervus elaphus xanthopygus from the Wandashan Mountains, northeastern China

Jiang

Zhang

2007

Acta Theriol

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Z. 2007. Effects of human disturbance on movement, foraging and bed selection in red deer Cervus elaphus xanthopygus from the Wandashan Mountains, northeastern China. Acta Theriologica 52: 435-446.We characterized 716 sites (including 22 beds, 60 foraging and 604 movement sites) used by red deer Cervus elaphus xanthopygus Milne-Edwards, 1867 in the Wandashan Mountains, northeastern China in the winter period. We used covariates for vegetation, topography, disturbances by other ungulates, and disturbance by humans to develop movement, forage and bed site resource-selection models. We used an information-theoretic approach to select the top 5 models for movement, forage and bed site occurrences respectively. The three most parsimonious autologistic models were good predictors of movement, forage and bed occurrence of this species. Vegetation covariates were important components of all models. We recorded avoidance responses by the behaviours of species to each disturbance type (ie, villages, forest roads and abandoned roads); bed site occurrences were most sensitive to all human disturbances for their lowest odds encountered. Across all parsimonious models, villages have the largest negative effect on movement, foraging and bed occurrences. Movement and bedding behaviours were also affected by other ungulate disturbances. Altitude had slightly negative effect on movement and foraging behaviours. Ridges, topographic aspect and shrub stands were all correlated with bed-site selection. Although different behaviours may be associated with different microhabitat features, behaviours of red deer responded similarly to the same human disturbance on a broad scale. Based on the observations above, we believe that red deer are avoiding human-altered habitat for movement, bedding and foraging because of disturbances during the critical late winter period. Furthermore, various behavioural resource selection models and corresponding graphs of important habitat disturbances can be used to guide and evaluate future development proposals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical Definition Of Resource Selection and Model Selecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of human disturbance on movement, foraging and bed selection in red deerCervus elaphus xanthopygus from the Wandashan Mountains, northeastern China

Jiang

Zhang

2007

Acta Theriol

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“…The direct ecological effects of sea-level rise include coastal inundation, flood damage, increased erosion, and saline water intrusion (Nicholls and Cazenave 2010); with associated changes in wetland community structure (Craft et al 2009). Wildlife species dependent on these habitats, such as brown bears (Schoen et al 1994), Vancouver Canada geese (Branta canadensis fulva; Fox 2008), and shorebirds (Iverson et al 1996) are anticipated to see declines in essential seasonal habitats in southern provinces not experiencing isostatic rebound (6, 7, 8 and southern 3, 4, and 5;Larsen et al 2005).…”

Section: Implications For Terrestrial Ecosystems-vegetation and Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change implications in the northern coastal temperate rainforest of North America

et al. 2015

Self Cite

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We synthesized an expert review of climate change implications for hydroecological and terrestrial ecological systems in the northern coastal temperate rainforest of North America. Our synthesis is based on an analysis of projected temperature, precipitation, and snowfall stratified by eight biogeoclimatic provinces and three vegetation zones. Five IPCC CMIP5 global climate models (GCMs) and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) are the basis for projections of mean annual temperature increasing from a current average (1961-Climatic Change (2015 1990) of 3.2°C to 4.9-6.9°C (5 GCM range; RCP4.5 scenario) or 6.4-8.7°C (RCP8.5), mean annual precipitation increasing from 3130 mm to 3210-3400 mm (3-9 % increase) or 3320-3690 mm (6-18 % increase), and total precipitation as snow decreasing from 1200 mm to 940-720 mm (22-40 % decrease) or 720-500 mm (40-58 % decrease) by the 2080s (2071-2100; 30-year normal period). These projected changes are anticipated to result in a cascade of ecosystem-level effects including: increased frequency of flooding and rain-on-snow events; an elevated snowline and reduced snowpack; changes in the timing and magnitude of stream flow, freshwater thermal regimes, and riverine nutrient exports; shrinking alpine habitats; altitudinal and latitudinal expansion of lowland and subalpine forest types; shifts in suitable habitat boundaries for vegetation and wildlife communities; adverse effects on species with rare ecological niches or limited dispersibility; and shifts in anadromous salmon distribution and productivity. Our collaborative synthesis of potential impacts highlights the coupling of social and ecological systems that characterize the region as well as a number of major information gaps to help guide assessments of future conditions and adaptive capacity.

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“…Applying predetermined coefficients while holding constant the modeled disturbance effects permitted us to readily evaluate the impacts associated with forest roads in current use, roads that have been abandoned, and the settlement. Similar methods have been used to assess the availability of habitats for grizzly bears under the influence of human activities (Schoen et al 1994;Dixon 1997;Suring et al 1998). Consequently we stipulated that the final model would have a comparatively low AIC and selected a convex Gaussian disturbance term indicative of avoidance of a disturbance feature.…”

Section: Creation Of Resource Selection Function Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple spatial‐scale resource selection function models in relation to human disturbance for moose in northeastern China

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2008

Ecological Research

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The moose (Alces alces cameloides) population in northeastern China is on the southernmost edge of its distribution in Asia. A survey was conducted to determine moose resource selection and the effects of human disturbance on moose in a study area of 20,661 ha located on the northwestern slope of the Lesser Khingan Mountains, located in northeastern China. Predictive models of resource selection were developed using logistic and autologistic regression. All models considered resource variable selection at two spatial scales, patch and landscape. At the patch scale, moose preferred larger birch (Betula platyphylla) patches, but avoided larger tamarack (Larix gmelinii) patches. At the landscape scale, moose preferred higher densities of tamarack patches, i.e., heterogeneity of tamarack stands, selected areas with more abundant annual shoots, terrain conducive to better concealment, higher altitudes and areas saturated with soil moisture. Roads and forest harvest intervals were identified as important human disturbance factors. This is the first time that moose have been reported to avoid roads, and the avoidance distance was nearly 3 km. We believe that in this region moose under the influence of roads are behaviorally plastic, compared with the indifference of moose to the presence of roads in other regions. Moose avoided forest areas logged more than 3 years previously and preferred areas logged 1-2 years previously. In addition, it may be necessary to monitor the effect of the dynamic of density of roe deer on the spatial distribution of the moose population.

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Habitat-Capability Model for Brown Bear in Southeast Alaska

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of human disturbance on movement, foraging and bed selection in red deerCervus elaphus xanthopygus from the Wandashan Mountains, northeastern China

Effects of human disturbance on movement, foraging and bed selection in red deerCervus elaphus xanthopygus from the Wandashan Mountains, northeastern China

Climate change implications in the northern coastal temperate rainforest of North America

Multiple spatial‐scale resource selection function models in relation to human disturbance for moose in northeastern China

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