Habitat Fragmentation and Roads: Strategy, Objectives and Practical Measures for Mitigation and Compensation

Bohemen, H. D. van

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-88583-9_114

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In developing economies, extensive fragmentation occurs due to the expansion of road infrastructure (Ibisch et al 2016), agricultural development (Herrera et al 2009), the building of fences (Bartlam-Brooks et al 2011;Said et al 2016) and increasing urban sprawl (Said et al 2016). Developed economies may be able to mitigate negative impacts through very costly yet limited engineering corrections (van Bohemen 1998), but in weaker economies where financial constraints exist, mitigation capacity is severely limited. Affordable mitigation measures reducing fragmentation are problematic because they can have a negative impact on the provision of important ecosystem services to the population (Mitchell et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore corridors sustain genetic footprint in plant populations: a case for Spanish drove roads

García‐Fernández

Manzano

Seoane

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Habitat fragmentation is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity conservation and productivity, that are mediated by direct human impact. Its consequences include genetic depauperation, including phenomena such as inbreeding depression or reduction in genetic diversity. While the capacity of wild and domestic herbivores to sustain long-distance dispersal has been proven, the impact of herbivore corridors in plant population genetics remains to be observed. We conducted this study in the Conquense Drove Road in Spain, with a sustained use by livestock during centuries where transiting herds passed by twice a year en route to winter and summer pastures. We compared genetic descriptors of Plantago lagopus populations in the drove road with populations in the surrounding agricultural matrix, at varying distances from human settlements. We observed significant differences for coefficients of inbreeding between the drove road and the agricultural matrix, as well as significant trends for higher genetic diversity around human settlements. Trends for higher genetic diversity in drove roads may be present, although they were not significant with the available sample size. The resulting functional landscape has human settlements as dispersal hotspots, while the drove road act as a pollinator reservoir and possibly also as a linear structure facilitating long-distance dispersal in an agricultural matrix where local P. lagopus populations depend rather on short-distance dispersal. These results highlight the role of herbivore corridors for conserving the migration capacity of plants, and they contribute as well in understanding the role of human dispersal for the spread of invasive species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore corridors sustain genetic footprint in plant populations: a case for Spanish drove roads

García‐Fernández

Manzano

Seoane

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Specifically, territorial fragmentation, refers to morphological changes in urban areas and their disorganized dispersion in the space [18]. Generally, the main factors that cause territorial fragmentation are infrastructure construction, urban growth and dispersion of rural settlements [13,19,20]. Considering RES plants as a new component of territorial settlement, we assume that their installation becomes an additional cause of the territorial fragmentation process.…”

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confidence: 99%

Territorial Fragmentation and Renewable Energy Source Plants: Which Relationship?

et al. 2020

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Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are part of the solution to tackle the global problems of climate change and carbon emissions. Programs and policies at different levels are continuing to promote new RES farms, posing a relevant challenge to regional planners and administrators: how to manage landscape transformation and territorial fragmentation to find a really effective sustainable arrangement for these kinds of technologies? Most effects induced by RES (land-use change, land take, diminishing aesthetic values, loss of habitat quality), without a doubt, depend on the location and the spatial pattern of the plants, the relative distance between them, the extension of secondary infrastructures and their technical characteristics. This work takes part in the debate, originating from the need to establish a monitoring system for this kind of new territorial transformation and discusses the implementation of a sprinkling fragmentation index (SPX) in order to assess the current regional settlement structure of RES farms. Our case study concerns the Basilicata region (in Southern Italy), a very low-density area which over the last decade has undergone a relevant increase in the installation of RES technologies, not supported by an effective planning framework. The evolution of the regional energy system has been strongly influenced both by incentive policies and by (weak) urban and territorial planning policies. This approach could be a valuable contribution both in identifying a fragmentation threshold beyond which the expected negative impacts outweigh the benefits, and in providing a useful procedure for the management of future installations.RES-related impacts already analyzed in recent scientific literature [5][6][7][8][9] are: change in land use, land take, natural habitat fragmentation, aesthetic impacts and micro-climate alteration.RES development is growing rapidly [10] and such a condition is one of the main causes of the lack of integration between energy planning (that in the Italian experience has been promoted without a clear analysis of the spatial dimension of the phenomena) and the urban and territorial planning system, traditionally unsuitable to be adapted in the short run to include arising instances that derive from new territorial transformation trends [11,12].At the moment, this type of transformation is regulated in a fragmented and sectorial way, with consequences that at a local level, risk being completely neglected and obscured by the global need to tackle climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.Such an issue highlights the need for an integrated territorial monitoring system allowing decision makers to provide effective policy making and governance of a territorial transformation able to demonstrate the sustainability of the results from the dual perspective of both global needs and preservation of local values.This work fits into the debate by testing the sprinkling index (SPX) [13], which has already been successful in representing the territorial fragmentation thanks to a di...

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Colonization, urbanization, and animals

Palmer

2003

Philosophy & Geography

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Urbanization and development of green spaces is continuing worldwide. Such development frequently engulfs the habitats of native animals, with a variety of effects on their existence, location and ways of living. This paper attempts to theorize about some of these effects, drawing on aspects of Foucault's discussions of power and using a metaphor of human colonization, where colonization is understood as an "ongoing process of dispossession, negotiation, transformation, and resistance." It argues that a variety of different kinds of human/ animal power relations can exist in urban areas, not all of which are examples of human domination. The paper concludes by raising a number of questions about the implications of these human/animal relations.

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Habitat Fragmentation and Roads: Strategy, Objectives and Practical Measures for Mitigation and Compensation

Cited by 3 publications

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Herbivore corridors sustain genetic footprint in plant populations: a case for Spanish drove roads

Herbivore corridors sustain genetic footprint in plant populations: a case for Spanish drove roads

Territorial Fragmentation and Renewable Energy Source Plants: Which Relationship?

Colonization, urbanization, and animals

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