Habitat fragmentation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is associated with erosion of frog immunogenetic diversity and increased fungal infections

Belasen, Anat M.; Amses, Kevin R.; Clemons, Rebecca A.; Becker, C. Guilherme; Toledo, Luı́s Felipe; James, Timothy Y.

doi:10.1007/s00251-022-01252-x

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The MHC class II diversity of five of six endemic Atlantic forest frog sampled across fragmented and continuous forests showed, for instance, marked declines in individuals from fragments, and especially when compared to neutral markers (Belasen et al, 2022). A loss in MHC class II heterozygosity was also associated with a higher probability of infection with the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Belasen et al, 2022). Likewise, toll-like receptors play an essential role in the host's innate immunity and were found to differ between spiny rats from continuous forest, fragments and islands, with repercussions for infections with some helminths and viruses (Heni et al, 2020).…”

Section: Small Mammal Species Richness and Host Genetic Diversity Imp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an alternative, one can investigate the diversity of functionally important genomic regions, such as the highly polymorphic genes of the MHC (Sommer, 2005), where we might expect to see a more obvious link to habitat effects driven by parasite-mediated selection (Feulner et al, 2015). The MHC class II diversity of five of six endemic Atlantic forest frog sampled across fragmented and continuous forests showed, for instance, marked declines in individuals from fragments, and especially when compared to neutral markers (Belasen et al, 2022). A loss in MHC class II heterozygosity was also associated with a higher probability of infection with the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Belasen et al, 2022).…”

Section: Small Mammal Species Richness and Host Genetic Diversity Imp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disentangling direct from indirect effects of habitat disturbance on multiple components of biodiversity

Schwensow

Heni

Schmid

et al. 2022

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Human habitat disturbance affects both species diversity and intraspecific genetic diversity, leading to correlations between these two components of biodiversity (termed species–genetic diversity correlation, SGDC). However, whether SGDC predictions extend to host‐associated communities, such as the intestinal parasite and gut microbial diversity, remains largely unexplored. Additionally, the role of dominant generalist species is often neglected despite their importance in shaping the environment experienced by other members of the ecological community, and their role as source, reservoir and vector of zoonotic diseases. New analytical approaches (e.g. structural equation modelling, SEM) can be used to assess SGDC relationships and distinguish among direct and indirect effects of habitat characteristics and disturbance on the various components of biodiversity. With six concrete and biologically sound models in mind, we collected habitat characteristics of 22 study sites from four distinct landscapes located in central Panama. Each landscape differed in the degree of human disturbance and fragmentation measured by several quantitative variables, such as canopy cover, canopy height and understorey density. In terms of biodiversity, we estimated on the one hand, (a) small mammal species diversity, and, on the other hand, (b) genome‐wide diversity, (c) intestinal parasite diversity and (d) gut microbial heterogeneity of the most dominant generalist species (Tome's spiny rat, Proechimys semispinosus). We used SEMs to assess the links between habitat characteristics and biological diversity measures. The best supported SEM suggested that habitat characteristics directly and positively affect the richness of small mammals, the genetic diversity of P. semispinosus and its gut microbial heterogeneity. Habitat characteristics did not, however, directly impact intestinal parasite diversity. We also detected indirect, positive effects of habitat characteristics on both host‐associated assemblages via small mammal richness. For microbes, this is likely linked to cross species transmission, particularly in shared and/or anthropogenically altered habitats, whereas host diversity mitigates parasite infections. The SEM revealed an additional indirect but negative effect on intestinal parasite diversity via host genetic diversity. Our study showcases that habitat alterations not only affect species diversity and host genetic diversity in parallel, but also species diversity of host‐associated assemblages. The impacts from human disturbance are therefore expected to ripple through entire ecosystems with far reaching effects felt even by generalist species.

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Section: Small Mammal Species Richness and Host Genetic Diversity Imp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Small Mammal Species Richness and Host Genetic Diversity Imp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling direct from indirect effects of habitat disturbance on multiple components of biodiversity

Schwensow

Heni

Schmid

et al. 2022

Journal of Animal Ecology

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“…Our study revealed that coquí frogs with low genome-wide heterozygosity were more likely to be Bd-infected. A genome-wide analysis of another anuran, Litoria verreauxii alpina (Fry, 1915), also shows that greater individual heterozygosity was associated with a reduced probability of Bd infection (Banks et al, 2020) (Belasen et al, 2022;Fu & Waldman, 2017;Kosch et al, 2016;Savage & Zamudio, 2011). In our evolutionary scenario, Bd infection status might not be the best proxy of frog fitness, because infected coqui frogs can survive even during the cool-dry season .…”

Section: Appendix S1mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Hence, amphibian populations are plausibly in arms race dynamics evolving defence systems to persist by limiting the negative consequences of infection. Selection in components of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been documented for populations of many amphibian species under differing disease regimes (Belasen et al, 2022;Fu & Waldman, 2017;Kosch et al, 2016;Savage & Zamudio, 2011). The risk for new outbreaks after pathogen emergence is context-dependent following the conceptualized model known as the disease triangle: host-pathogen-environment (Scholthof, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking pathogen–microbiome–host interactions to explain amphibian population dynamics

Torres‐Sánchez

Longo

2022

Molecular Ecology

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Symbiosis, defined as living together in physical contact between different species, greatly impacts many aspects of organismal biology. The pervasiveness of these systems in nature led Lynn Margulis to propose that symbiotic interactions are one of the major drivers of evolution (Margulis, 1998). Many characteristics of these associations can vary, including direction of cost/benefit effects, degree of dependence between partners and symbiont transmission traits. This variation profoundly affects ecological and evolutionary

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“…Anfíbios estão entre os grupos de vertebrados com maior declínio populacional e estima-se que um quinto das espécies estão extintas ou à beira da extinção (CEBALLOS et al, 2020). Os declínios populacionais dos anfíbios são causados principalmente pela fragmentação de habitats, perda da cobertura florestal e infecção fúngica causada pelo Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (MILLER et al, 2018;CARVALHO, 2017;BELASEN et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Pesca Ilegal Y La Sobrepesca Artesanal en La Reducción De Volumen De Pesca en El Litoral De Ilo

Cruz¹,

Chura²,

Quispe³

et al. 2022

Ciencias Biológicas: Vida Y Organismos Vivos

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Habitat fragmentation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is associated with erosion of frog immunogenetic diversity and increased fungal infections

Cited by 19 publications

References 53 publications

Disentangling direct from indirect effects of habitat disturbance on multiple components of biodiversity

Disentangling direct from indirect effects of habitat disturbance on multiple components of biodiversity

Linking pathogen–microbiome–host interactions to explain amphibian population dynamics

Pesca Ilegal Y La Sobrepesca Artesanal en La Reducción De Volumen De Pesca en El Litoral De Ilo

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