Habitat Selection by Forest Bats in Relation to Mixed-Wood Stand Types and Structure in Central Ontario

Jung, Thomas S.; Thompson, Ian D.; Titman, Rodger D.; Applejohn, Andrew P.

doi:10.2307/3802849

Cited by 94 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Accounting for spatial variation is important when collecting acoustic data at proposed wind sites or at wind turbines themselves because different species of bats partition their use of habitats vertically, particularly in forests (Hayes and Gruver 2000, Jung et al 1999, Kalcounis et al 1999. Consequently, the assumption that activity data gathered below the rotor-swept area represents risk of bats in the rotor-swept area may be unjustified for some bat species and certain landscape and habitat conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Geographic Trends in Acoustic Detection of Tree-Roosting Bats

Johnson

Watrous

Giumarro

et al. 2011

Acta Chiropterologica

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We wish to thank the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC) and PPM Energy for funding this study, and the numerous donors to BCI, member companies of AWEA, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, for additional support. Kristen Goland, formerly with MTC and now with PPM Energy, was instrumental in pulling support together for this study. We also thank PPM Energy employees Andy Linehan and Scott McDonald for their support and efforts. Jack Waggert assisted with installation of detector systems on meteorological towers and helped with many logistical aspects of the study. We thank members of the BWEC Scientific Advisory Committee and the technical advisory committee for their review of this report. 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYWe initiated a multi-year pre-and post-construction study in mid-summer 2006 to determine patterns of bat activity and evaluate the use of acoustic monitoring to predict mortality of bats at a proposed wind energy facility in northwest Massachusetts. The primary objectives of this study are to 1) determine level and patterns of activity of different species groups of bats using the proposed wind facility prior to and after construction of turbines; 2) correlate bat activity with weather and other environmental variables; and 3) combine results from this study with those from similar efforts to determine if indices of pre-construction bat activity can be used to predict post-construction bat fatalities at proposed wind facilities. Here we report results from the first year of pre-construction data collection.We recorded echolocation calls of bats with Anabat II zero-crossing ultrasonic detectors programmed to record calls from 1900 to 0700 hr each day of the study from 26 July to 20 December 2006. We used meteorological (met) towers to vertically array detectors for acoustic sampling during this study (one detector at 10, 31, and 39 m above ground level (AGL) at each tower). We recorded a total of 4,816 bat calls from all detectors at all met tower locations combined from 26 July through 11 November, an average of 8.9 calls per tower per night. No bat calls were recorded between 11 November and 20 December 2006. Bat activity generally was highest immediately after sunset and declined through the night until just before sunrise the following morning. High (>35 kHz, mostly Myotis species and red bats [Lasiurus borealis]) and low (<35 kHz, mostly hoary bats [Lasiurus cinereus] and big brown bats [Eptesicus fuscus])frequency-emitting echolocating bats tended to fly at different heights on the study area. We estimated that activity rates for bats using high frequencies were 1.5-4.0 times higher than those using low frequencies at low altitudes (10 m). This trend was reversed at medium altitudes (31 m) where it was estimated that activity rates for bats using low frequencies were 5.75-22.9 times greater than those for high frequency users, and at 39 m AGL it was estimated that activity rates for bats using low frequencies were 11.2-38.8 times greater than those for high frequency users.The best...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Geographic Trends in Acoustic Detection of Tree-Roosting Bats

Johnson

Watrous

Giumarro

et al. 2011

Acta Chiropterologica

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“…The use of data recorded over multiple years was justified since there were no changes in local landscape structure during the study period, no known disturbances at hibernacula in the region that might cause abnormal overwinter mortality rates, there were minimal differences in average temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and wind speed among years, and Jung et al (1999) found no difference in the magnitude of bat activity between years. The river site was a second-order river with a boulder substrate that was 35 m wide and 2040 cm deep at the sampling site in mid summer.…”

Section: Estimation Of Unbiased Site-specific Activity Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A bat pass is typically defined as a single sequence of two or more recorded echolocation calls (Thomas, 1988). Recently, with the increased use of ultrasonic detectors such as Anabat (Titley Electronics, Ballina, N.S.W., Australia), the number of files has been used synonymously with number of passes (e.g., Jung et al, 1999;Siedman and Zabel, 2001). A problem with these indices is that there is no control for To date, much of the research that has used ultrasonic detectors as a tool to address questions on the spatial and temporal distribution of bat species activity have been limited by the lack of a reliable and quantifiable unit of activity, and a poor understanding of sampling intensity required to accurately assess site-specific activity levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ideal unit of activity would be a species-specific number of echolocation calls recorded in a standardized recording space per unit time. Standardizing the recording space among detectors seems possible Jung et al, 1999;Larson and Hayes, 2000). Using the Anabat system, Britzke et al (1999) found it was possible to account for the number of calls in a file using the percentage of the maximum possible number of data points (i.e., buffer size).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Another Quantitative Measure of Bat Species Activity and Sampling Intensity Considerations for the Design of Ultrasonic Monitoring Studies

Broders

2003

Acta Chiropterologica

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“…Forest type and structure are important factors determining habitat use of bats (Kalcounis et al 1999;Patriquin and Barclay 2003). In general, bats prefer more open stand types, such as recently clear-cut stands or mature forests, rather than stands with greater structural clutter, such as those in early and mid-development (Crampton and Barclay 1998;Jung et al 1999;Ellis et al 2002;Patriquin and Barclay 2003;Loeb and O'Keefe 2006). Foraging activity of bats is generally greater in gaps and openings within the stand than in intact stand (Law and Chidel 2002;Tibbels and Kurta 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on Habitat Characteristics of the Korean Bats (Chiroptera) Using Geographic Information System (GIS)

Yoon¹,

Lim²,

Park³

2016

Journal of Forest and Environmental Science

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We obtained a total of 36 GPS coordinates of the seven bat species of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Myotis ikonnikovi, M. nattereri, M. petax, Murina ussuriensis, Plecotus auritus, and Pipistrellus abramus. Characteristics of forests (forest type, age class, DBH class and crown density), terrain (aspect, slope and distance from mountain stream) and disturbance factors (distance from human residential areas and distance from cultivated areas) that bats have used as their habitats were revealed from the GIS analysis based on GPS coordinates of the 36 positions that bats were found. The bats-preferred forest type is broad-leaf forests (43%) with the trees of the 2th (31%) and 5th (31%) age class, the trees of sapling (36%) and large DBH class (31%), and sparse crown density (67%). Bats prefer the slop direction of the east (39%), the gradient below 15 o (61%), the ranges within 200 m from the mountain streams (92%), the ranges within 200 m near roads (89%), the ranges of 200-400 m from human residential areas (28%), and the ranges within 200 m from cultivated areas (36%).

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Habitat Selection by Forest Bats in Relation to Mixed-Wood Stand Types and Structure in Central Ontario

Cited by 94 publications

References 24 publications

Seasonal and Geographic Trends in Acoustic Detection of Tree-Roosting Bats

Seasonal and Geographic Trends in Acoustic Detection of Tree-Roosting Bats

Another Quantitative Measure of Bat Species Activity and Sampling Intensity Considerations for the Design of Ultrasonic Monitoring Studies

Analysis on Habitat Characteristics of the Korean Bats (Chiroptera) Using Geographic Information System (GIS)

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