Habitat Selection by Smallmouth Bass in Response to Physical Characteristics in a Natural Stream

Rankin, Edward T.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<322:hsbsbi>2.0.co;2

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Food web models show that systems in which prey employ predator-speci®c defenses are less likely to suer species extinctions than are systems in which prey use a generalized defense (Matsuda et al 1994). Contrasting defenses also provide a potential mechanism for non-additive eects of multiple predators on prey survivorship: behaviors which lower prey vulnerability to one type of predator throw them into the jaws of another predator (Willis 1969;Charnov et al 1976;Diamant and Shpigel 1985;Rankin 1986;Rahel and Stein 1988). Thus, we predict that the contrasting behavioral responses of Physella to ®sh and cray®sh will tend to increase their mortality (when both species of predators are present) more than would be expected from the level of risk posed by each predator in isolation (i.e., risk enhancement).…”

Section: Consequences Of Behavioral Speci®citymentioning

confidence: 90%

Predator identity and consumer behavior: differential effects of fish and crayfish on the habitat use of a freshwater snail

Turner¹,

Fetterolf²,

Bernot³

1999

Oecologia

174

128

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Predators can alter the outcome of ecological interactions among other members of the food web through their effects on prey behavior. While it is well known that animals often alter their behavior with the imposition of predation risk, we know less about how other features of predators may affect prey behavior. For example, relatively few studies have addressed the effects of predator identity on prey behavior, but such knowledge is crucial to understanding food web interactions. This study contrasts the behavioral responses of the freshwater snail Physellagyrina to fish and crayfish predators. Snails were placed in experimental mesocosms containing caged fish and crayfish, so the only communication between experimental snails and their predators was via non-visual cues. The caged fish and crayfish were fed an equal number of snails, thereby simulating equal prey mortality rates. In the presence of fish, the experimental snails moved under cover, which confers safety from fish predators. However, in the presence of crayfish, snails avoided benthic cover and moved to the water surface. Thus, two species of predators, exerting the same level of mortality on prey, induced very different behavioral responses. We predict that these contrasting behavioral responses to predation risk have important consequences for the interactions between snails and their periphyton resources.

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Section: Consequences Of Behavioral Speci®citymentioning

confidence: 90%

Predator identity and consumer behavior: differential effects of fish and crayfish on the habitat use of a freshwater snail

Turner¹,

Fetterolf²,

Bernot³

1999

Oecologia

174

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such asymmetry in interactions among predators is not unusual, however. By following northern hogsuckers (Hypentilium nigrum) as they forage in a stream, young smallmouth bass are able to feed on otherwise cryptic prey fleeing from the hogsuckers (Rankin 1986). The bass have higher feeding rates than when foraging alone but the hogsuckers receive no apparent benefit from the bass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex predator-prey interactions and predator intimidation among crayfish, piscivorous fish, and small benthic fish

1988

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Summary. Predator-prey interactions were studied among a small prey fish (the johnny darter Etheostoma nigrum) and two predators (crayfish Orconectes rusticus and small-mouth bass Micropterus dolomieui) with complementary foraging behaviors. When only smallmouth bass were present, darters reduced activity to 6% of control rates and spent most of the time hiding under tile shelters. When only crayfish were present, darter activity and shelter-use were similar to controls. When both crayfish and bass were present, an interaction occurred. Darters, normally inactive in the presence of bass, were often forced to move by approaching crayfish and thus activity increased to 19% of control rates. Also, darters were often evicted from shelters by intruding crayfish. Thus, crayfish increased the vulnerability of small fish to bass by evicting them from shelters and causing increased activity. Conversely, bass increased the vulnerability of small fish to crayfish by forcing these fish to seek cover under shelters occupied by crayfish. Intimidation effects of bass on darters last for some time. After a 30-min exposure to bass, darters showed reduced activity and increased shelter use lasting at least 24 h after the bass was removed. Thus predators, through intimidation, can influence prey behavior even though the predators are no longer present.

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“…We believe the low numbers of wild fall chinook salmon consumed by smallmouth bass during 1996, and the absence of predation in 1997, could be related to habitat differences used by fall chinook salmon and smallmouth bass in the free-flowing sections. Both smallmouth bass and juvenile fall chinook salmon are known to use littoral zones with reduced velocities (Mains and Smith 1956;Curet 1993;Munther 1970;Rankin 1986). However, smallmouth bass have a tendency to use nearshore habitat associated with rocky substrate and structure (Munther 1970, Coble 1975, while juvenile fall chinook salmon are thought to use habitats over sandy substrates (Dauble et al 1989;Bennett et al 1992;Curet 1994).…”

Section: Total Loss Of Fall Chinook Salmonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smallmouth bass inhabit littoral zones with low water velocities (<15cm/s Munther 1970;Rankin 1986). Subyearling fall chinook salmon also rear in littoral habitat with low water velocities (Mains and Smith 1956;Curet 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Release Attributes and Survival of Hatchery and Natural Fall Chinook Salmon in the Snake River; 2000-2001 Annual Report.

Connor¹

2003

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Habitat Selection by Smallmouth Bass in Response to Physical Characteristics in a Natural Stream

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Predator identity and consumer behavior: differential effects of fish and crayfish on the habitat use of a freshwater snail

Predator identity and consumer behavior: differential effects of fish and crayfish on the habitat use of a freshwater snail

Complex predator-prey interactions and predator intimidation among crayfish, piscivorous fish, and small benthic fish

Post-Release Attributes and Survival of Hatchery and Natural Fall Chinook Salmon in the Snake River; 2000-2001 Annual Report.

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