Habitat selection of two congeneric bivalves, Cardium edule and C. glaucum in sympatric and allopatric populations

Brock, V.

doi:10.1007/bf00386594

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, cockles have been observed to leap when attacked by starfish (Morton 1964), creep along the sediment surface (Rygg 1970) and burrow into the substratum (Trueman et al 1966, Breum 1970. According to Brock (1979), C. edule is a more active burrower than C. glaucum, allowing C. edule to colonize more unstable environments than its congener. C. glaucum for example, never occurs in areas where the sediment is unconsolidated, probably because it is unable to maintain its position by burrowing, nor can C. glaucum escape from the substratum following deposition of additional sediment during storms (Trueman 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence pattern and spatial distribution of the common cockle Cerastoderma edule

Richardson¹,

Ibarrola²,

Ingham³

1993

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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When groups of freshly collected cockles Cerastodema edule L. were transferred to laboratory conditions and exposed to cycles of tldal emersion and immersion and a light regune of 12 h light. l 2 h dark, up to 40% of the group emerged onto the surface of the substratum during emersion at the onset of darkness. This pattern of emergence decreased in intensity from 37% to 10% of all individuals emerging after 30 d in the laboratory. However, not all the same cockles emerged each day. After emergence, the cockles remained quescent until Immersion, when they actively roamed and ploughed across the sand surface and then reburrowed. During movement the cockles produced furrows up to 0.5 m in length; at hlgh densities cohsions with other buried cockles occasionally occurred, which in turn stimulated emergence and a change of posihon. Groups of cockles previously exposed to a hdal cycle and 1ight:dark regime responded to continuous darkness by emerging onto the substratum for 3 low tides before the activity pattern disappeared. The intensity of the emergence pattern in continuous darkness was less than the nocturnal activlty observed during light :dark conditions. Similarly, under contmuous immersion, emergence during darkness was less pronounced than under sunulated tidal emersion. In continuous illummahon an emergence pattern was absent. The nocturnal pattern of emergence observed in the laboratory can be explained in terms of the cockles' reaction to burial with sediment. In laboratory experiments, cockles which were buned with a covering of sediment at the onset of emersion responded immediately by emerglng onto the sedvnent surface. One group maintained in continuous darkness emerged at low water and continued to roam and plough across the surface when they were immersed, whereas a second group sublected to continuous ~Uumination emerged upon burial and then reburrowed. Sirmlar experiments carried out in the natural environment confirmed the biological sigmficance of the laboratory-induced emergence rhythm. On the shore, replicate areas were covered with sediment during daylight, just prior to emersion of the natural cockle beds. Approximately 1.5 h after burial, cockles were observed to emerge with peak activity at the onset of darkness, and agaln 24 h later. However, cockles &d not emerge in any numbers In control areas in which no sediment was added. The sudden burial of cockles with sediment during a storm w l l stimulate them to move in order to maintain contact with the sand surface for feeding and respuation. The disturbance of cockles dunng collection and the sudden onset of darkness in the laboratory followed by the immediate emergence of the cockles, simulated the cockles' reactlon to deposition of sedlrnent in the field. The observed crawhng and burrowing behaviour of the cockles dunng high tide and darkness represents a situation in which the cockle is continuing to try to emerge as d it was still covered in sediment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence pattern and spatial distribution of the common cockle Cerastoderma edule

Richardson¹,

Ibarrola²,

Ingham³

1993

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…C. edule is present from the subtropical coast of West Africa to the Arctic Barents Sea, excluding marginal seas such as the Baltic and the Mediterranean (Hayward and Ryland, 1995). Its distribution is much less fragmented than that of C. glaucum (Brock, 1979(Brock, , 1980, because it prefers sheltered, but open tidal zones. There are several areas where the two cockle species live in sympatry in Portugal (Machado and Costa, 1994), Finland (Rygg, 1970), Germany (Reise, personal communication), Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, England and France (Brock, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that C. glaucum tolerates high temperatures better than C. edule is probably a consequence of its Mediterranean origin and is the reason why it can live in lagoons with water temperature exceeding 30 C during summer (Ansell et al, 1981;Wilson and Elkaim, 1997). However, C. glaucum lacks the tolerance to very loose, well-sorted sand, which is often characteristic of tidal regions (Brock, 1979). It was shown that C. glaucum is slower in reburying once washed out of the sand (Koulman and Wolff, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies were mainly focused on morphological and genetic discrimination of both cockle species (see above), as well as comparison of their ecology and physiology (e.g., Rygg, 1970;Boyden, 1972;Brock, 1979Brock, , 1980Lindegarth et al, 1995;Wilson and Elkaim, 1997). Genetic variability of some European populations of both species was analyzed using isoenzyme electrophoresis (Hummel et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative phylogeography of two sister (congeneric) species of cardiid bivalve: Strong influence of habitat, life history and post-glacial history

Tarnowska

Krakau

Jacobsen

et al. 2012

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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Sister (congeneric) species may exhibit disparate patterns of biogeographic genetic structures due to different life histories and habitat preferences. The common cockle Cerastoderma edule and the lagoon cockle Cerastoderma glaucum probably diverged from their common ancestor in the present territory of Sahara around 5 million years ago. Although it is difficult to separate both species morphologically, various genetic markers, both mitochondrial and nuclear, clearly distinguish them. Furthermore, their lifestyles are different, as C. edule has a much less fragmented coastal habitat and a longer duration of pelagic larval stage than C. glaucum. A comparative genetic analysis was conducted on 17 populations of C. edule and 13 populations of C. glaucum using a 506 bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA (COI). We tested the hypothesis that differences in habitat types and life history are reflected in the genetic structure patterns of these two cockles. Indeed substantial differences in population genetic structures between them are revealed. Genetic diversity within C. glaucum populations decreases northwards as a consequence of post-glacial (re)colonization from southern refugia, while C. edule displays an opposite pattern indicating survival in glacial refuges in the northern Atlantic. Among populations within geographic groups, genetic differentiation is low in C. edule, probably as a result of larval dispersal with coastal currents, while it is extremely high in C. glaucum, best explained by the fragmented habitats. Interestingly, long distance divergence is less expressed in C. glaucum than in C. edule, which supports the speculation that migrating birds (frequently observed in lagoons) may occasionally transport the former more often or more efficiently than the latter. The approach applied in this study (e.g., rarefaction procedure, selection of samples of both species from the same regions) enabled a new and reliable comparative analysis of the existing raw datasets.

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“…The lagoon cockle C. glaucum has a wide distribution around European coasts, ranging from the northern Baltic Sea to the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea and even the Aral Sea (Nikula & Väinölä 2003). The distribution area of C. glaucum is very fragmented, as it cannot survive in loose-sediment habitats exposed to currents and waves (Brock 1979), and typically inhabits closed brackish-water lagoons and estuaries (Tarnowska et al 2010). Both cockle species overlap part of their range, and there are several areas where the 2 cockle species live in sympatry (Tarnowska et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites, pathological conditions and resistance to Marteilia cochillia in lagoon cockle Cerastoderma glaucum from Galicia (NW Spain)

Carballal¹,

Iglesias²,

Darriba³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A histopathological survey revealed parasites and pathological conditions affecting lagoon cockles Cerastoderma glaucum along the Galician coast; serious pathological threats were not detected because the potentially pathogenic conditions (infections with a Marteilia-like parasite and bucephalid sporocysts, disseminated neoplasia and a condition involving large foci of heavy haemocytic reaction) were rare, while more prevalent parasites had negligible or limited pathogeny. Considering that C. edule and C. glaucum are sympatric in some Galician rias, it is remarkable that C. glaucum was not seriously affected by Marteilia cochillia while C. edule suffered an intense outbreak of this parasite associated with massive mortality. Comparison of the digestive gland between cockle species showed co-occurrence of digestive tubules in different phases, with abundant disintegrated tubules, in the case of C. glaucum, while C. edule showed synchronicity and absence of fully disintegrated tubules; these differences could in fluence their susceptibility to M. cochillia because the main location of this parasite in common cockles is the epithelia of the digestive gland. Moreover, the observation of histological sections through the digestive gland easily allows differentiating the 2 cockle species.

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Habitat selection of two congeneric bivalves, Cardium edule and C. glaucum in sympatric and allopatric populations

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Emergence pattern and spatial distribution of the common cockle Cerastoderma edule

Emergence pattern and spatial distribution of the common cockle Cerastoderma edule

Comparative phylogeography of two sister (congeneric) species of cardiid bivalve: Strong influence of habitat, life history and post-glacial history

Parasites, pathological conditions and resistance to Marteilia cochillia in lagoon cockle Cerastoderma glaucum from Galicia (NW Spain)

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