Habitat use by tiger prey in Thailand’s Western Forest Complex: What will it take to fill a half-full tiger landscape?

Jornburom, Pornkamol; Duangchantrasiri, Somphot; Jinamoy, Sitthichai; Pattanavibool, Anak; Hines, James E.; Arnold, Todd W.; Fieberg, John; Smith, James L.

doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125896

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…investigate ecological patterns and theories (Lombardi et al, 2020;Robinson et al, 2014), interactions among native and invasive species (Dugger et al, 2016;Hegel et al, 2019;Osorio et al, 2020), Consequently, while the opportunity to apply multi-species occupancy models will likely increase, data collection procedures may not be at the correct spatial and temporal scales necessary to meet the closure assumption for many species. The simulations presented here emulated camera trapping data and the simulated level for detection was comparable to observed levels of daily detection for several carnivores (Shannon et al, 2014) F I G U R E 1 Proportion of simulations for which the estimates of (a) occupancy for Species A (Ψ A ), (b) occupancy of Species B given Species A was present (Ψ BA ) and occupancy of Species B, given that Species A was absent (Ψ Ba ) when the simulated pattern was independence (i.e., Ψ BA = Ψ Ba ), (c) Ψ BA and Ψ Ba when the simulated pattern was avoidance (i.e., Ψ BA < Ψ Ba ), and (d) Ψ BA and Ψ Ba when the simulated pattern was aggregation (i.e., Ψ BA > Ψ Ba ), was not different from the true simulated level of occupancy (based on 95% confidence intervals) when sites were closed or not closed (i. may be difficult to meet the closure assumption for some species (Mackenzie & Royle, 2005) due to logistical constraints (e.g., limited equipment or personnel) that require sampling to take longer than a period over which closure can be reasonably assumed (e.g., Johnson et al, 2020), or challenges identifying an appropriate spatial scale (e.g., Jornburom et al, 2020). Consequently, the closure assumption is often relaxed with estimates of occupancy from single-species models interpreted as the probability of 'use' (Gould et al, 2019;Mackenzie, 2005a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐occurrence models fail to infer underlying patterns of avoidance and aggregation when closure is violated

Lonsinger

2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Advances in multi-species monitoring have prompted an increase in the use of multispecies occupancy analyses to assess patterns of co-occurrence among species, even when data were collected at scales likely violating the assumption that sites were closed to changes in the occupancy state for the target species. Violating the closure assumption may lead to erroneous conclusions related to patterns of co-occurrence among species. Occurrence for two hypothetical species was simulated under patterns of avoidance, aggregation, or independence, when the closure assumption was either met or not. Simulated populations were sampled at two levels (N = 250 or 100 sites) and two scales of temporal resolution for surveys. Sample data were analyzed with conditional two-species occupancy models, and performance was assessed based on the proportion of simulations recovering the true pattern of co-occurrence.Estimates of occupancy were unbiased when closure was met, but biased when closure violations occurred; bias increased when sample size was small and encounter histories were collapsed to a large-scale temporal resolution. When closure was met and patterns of avoidance and aggregation were simulated, conditional two-species models tended to correctly find support for non-independence, and estimated species interaction factors (SIF) aligned with predicted values. By contrast, when closure was violated, models tended to incorrectly infer a pattern of independence and power to detect simulated patterns of avoidance or aggregation that decreased with smaller sample size. Results suggest that when the closure assumption is violated, co-occurrence models often fail to detect underlying patterns of avoidance or aggregation, and incorrectly identify a pattern of independence among species, which could have negative consequences for our understanding of species interactions and conservation efforts. Thus, when closure is violated, inferred patterns of independence from multi-species occupancy should be interpreted cautiously, and evidence of avoidance or aggregation is likely a conservative estimate of true pattern or interaction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐occurrence models fail to infer underlying patterns of avoidance and aggregation when closure is violated

Lonsinger

2022

Ecology and Evolution

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“…We retained the variables that better explained the parameter of interest based on: ecological relevance, correspondence with earlier studies, ease in data collection across the study areas, and simplest in explanation of the model outcomes (parsimony). Prior to modelling, all continuous site covariates were scaled, (x -x ̅ )/SDx, to facilitate estimation of parameters using numerical optimization techniques and to make estimates comparable between parameters (Sunarto et al 2012;Nath et al 2019b;Jornburom et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of domestic animals, too, could influence detection since domestic animals can obliterate tracks of wild ungulates (pers. obs; Jornburom et al 2020). The presence/absence of domestic livestock was noted as a binary variable coded as "0" for absence and "1" for presence in every 100 m replicate.…”

Section: Selection Of Ecological and Anthropogenic Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Encounter rate of anthropogenic activities including, logging, wood cutting, fire and hunting Due to socio-political unrest in the region, all these mentioned anthropogenic activities could negatively impact habitat use and population of mammals in the study area (Thapa and Kelly 2017, Jornburom et al 2020, Phumanee et al 2020)…”

Section: Anthropogenic Activity (Aa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Markovian processes. In recent years, spatially replicated correlated detection occupancy surveys have primarily been applied to track surveys covering medium to large size carnivores and herbivores (Hines et al 2010;Wibisono et al 2011;Thorn et al 2011;Lakshminarayanan et al 2016;Thapa et al 2019;Jornburom et al 2020;Lamichhane et al 2020). In addition, it was already well established that spatial replication in occupancy studies useful for assessments of species habitat relationship (Srivathsa et al 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Community, conflict and conservation: response of mammalian fauna to ecological and anthropological correlates ‒ a critical habitat in Indo-Bhutan transboundary landscape urges multiagency cooperation

Nath

Lahkar²,

Brahma

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The impacts of conflict on nature are devastatingly adverse but differ widely in different socio-political regimes. Armed conflict often facilitates illegal plunder and unsustainable use of natural resources, variously by rebel groups and impoverished or displaced people challenged with limited subsistence options. We studied the response of mammals in Ripu Reserve Forest (Assam) that suffers prolonged anthropogenic pressure due to armed conflict instigated by social unrest. We used standard single-season (spatial-dependence) occupancy models using sign survey to assess the factors affecting the space use of mammals and subsequently build capacity of conservation volunteers for long-term sustenance of Ripu. Our study revealed that Ripu has a high proportion of occupied area by prey species of large carnivores. Asian elephant, barking deer, and wild pig occupied most of the habitat, whereas gaur, sambar and spotted deer restricted themselves to selected patches within the Ripu. Common leopards found to be positively associated with prey occupancy. The studied mammals responded variably to different ecological and anthropological covariates and urge for species-specific management alongside landscape scale conservation approach. Our ground effort to strengthen community patrolling and operational execution of various alternative livelihood has helped to empower the economic condition of patrolling staff. Strategic implementation of law enforcement could support dispersal of tigers from Phibsoo WLS (Bhutan), potentially linked with the larger tiger and elephant landscape far west (Buxa Tiger Reserve) in the Terai region of India. Community-based conservation initiatives required continuous support from various agencies, including national, international, and local bodies, to restore this critical habitat.

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First dispersal records of the endangered banteng (Bos javanicus) in Thung Yai Naresuan West Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand

Amorntiyangkul,

Jornburom,

Pattanavibool

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

Self Cite

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Banteng (Bos javanicus) is listed as an endangered species because of a global population decline of at least 50% over the last 25 years. The Western Forest Complex (WEFCOM) of Thailand has been identified as a priority site for banteng population recovery, and Huai Kha Keang Wildlife Sanctuary (HKK) is the most important source site for this species within the WEFCOM. We have provided evidence and discussed banteng dispersal from HKK to Thung Yai Naresuan West Wildlife Sanctuary (TYW). We sampled an area of 147 km2 in banteng habitat next to the border between HKK and TYW using camera traps. We divided the sampled area into four grid cells and placed camera traps during January to December 2022. We setup the camera traps near saltlicks and natural water sources, as important resources for banteng, to maximize capture probability. In total, 2835 trap days were obtained. Bantengs were captured in all seasons (RAI = 1.66), especially in dry dipterocarp forest, which contains the ground forage availability for banteng, and the low‐slope area with elevation 600–700 m adjacent to the border between HKK and TYW. The results highlighted that banteng, which had never been reported in TYW before, appeared there for the first time. They most likely dispersed from the population source in HKK and settled in a habitat that is considered suitable for them. The habitat management and protection are significant for the future recovery of banteng populations in the TYW and the rest of protected areas in the WEFCOM.

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Habitat use by tiger prey in Thailand’s Western Forest Complex: What will it take to fill a half-full tiger landscape?

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Co‐occurrence models fail to infer underlying patterns of avoidance and aggregation when closure is violated

Co‐occurrence models fail to infer underlying patterns of avoidance and aggregation when closure is violated

Community, conflict and conservation: response of mammalian fauna to ecological and anthropological correlates ‒ a critical habitat in Indo-Bhutan transboundary landscape urges multiagency cooperation

First dispersal records of the endangered banteng (Bos javanicus) in Thung Yai Naresuan West Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand

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