Habitat Use by White-Tailed Deer and Moose on Sympatric Range

Kearney, Stephen R.; Gilbert, Frederick F.

doi:10.2307/3800559

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Our results support previous observations that winter severity affects deer resource selection more than forage availability, whereas the opposite is true of moose (Telfer 1970;Kearney and Gilbert 1976). The more severe snow conditions in 2006 impacted more on deer selection due to their increased vulnerability to predation in deep snow (DelGiudice et al 2002), but also influenced moose resource selection.…”

Section: Climatic Conditions Versus Habitatsupporting

confidence: 82%

The scale-dependent impact of wolf predation risk on resource selection by three sympatric ungulates

Kittle¹,

et al. 2008

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Resource selection is a fundamental ecological process impacting population dynamics and ecosystem structure. Understanding which factors drive selection is vital for effective species- and landscape-level management. We used resource selection probability functions (RSPFs) to study the influence of two forms of wolf (Canis lupus) predation risk, snow conditions and habitat variables on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), elk (Cervus elaphus) and moose (Alces alces) resource selection in central Ontario's mixed forest French River-Burwash ecosystem. Direct predation risk was defined as the frequency of a predator's occurrence across the landscape and indirect predation risk as landscape features associated with a higher risk of predation. Models were developed for two winters, each at two spatial scales, using a combination of GIS-derived and ground-measured data. Ungulate presence was determined from snow track transects in 64 16- and 128 1-km(2) resource units, and direct predation risk from GPS radio collar locations of four adjacent wolf packs. Ungulates did not select resources based on the avoidance of areas of direct predation risk at any scale, and instead exhibited selection patterns that tradeoff predation risk minimization with forage and/or mobility requirements. Elk did not avoid indirect predation risk, while both deer and moose exhibited inconsistent responses to this risk. Direct predation risk was more important to models than indirect predation risk but overall, abiotic topographical factors were most influential. These results indicate that wolf predation risk does not limit ungulate habitat use at the scales investigated and that responses to spatial sources of predation risk are complex, incorporating a variety of anti-predator behaviours. Moose resource selection was influenced less by snow conditions than cover type, particularly selection for dense forest, whereas deer showed the opposite pattern. Temporal and spatial scale influenced resource selection by all ungulate species, underlining the importance of incorporating scale into resource selection studies.

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Section: Climatic Conditions Versus Habitatsupporting

confidence: 82%

The scale-dependent impact of wolf predation risk on resource selection by three sympatric ungulates

Kittle¹,

et al. 2008

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“…Overall, the relationship between capture frequency and habitat variables appears to be unclear and in need of additional study. Associations of several mammalian species have been described (Gliwicz, 1981;Grant, 1969Grant, , 1970Grant, , 1971Kearney and Gilbert, 1976;Voigt and Earle, 1983). However, a paucity of information exists concerning the interspecific association of opossums and raccoons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ecologic Relationships of Co-Occurring Populations of Opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Tennessee

Kissell

Kennedy

1992

Journal of Mammalogy

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Opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) were studied at two sites in Tennessee using mark-recapture techniques. Winter density, relationship of trap success with selected habitat variables, interspecific association, and the degree of mutual habitat utilization were determined. Density of opossums was estimated as one animal/9.9 ha at one site and ODe animal/44.5 ha at the second location. Abundance of raccoons was estimated as one animal170.4 ha at one site and one animal/34.S ha at the other. Number of opossums and raccoons was not significantly correlated with any of the habitat variables measured at either site. Interspecific association values for co-occurring populations were 0.111 and 0.267; these values were not statistically significant and indicated that opossums and raccoons occurred independently of one another in regard to spatial distribution. Both species exhibited a wide range of ecological tolerance for habitat.Numerous ecological investigations of opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) have been conducted in various parts of the United States. McManus (1974) and Gardner (1982) reviewed many of the previous investigations relating to opossums and Lotze and Anderson (1979) and Kaufmann (1982) summarized much of the available literature for raccoons. Previous investigations of the ecology of these species primarily have been works directed toward management questions and, with only a few exceptions (McKeever, 1959;Stuewer, 1943;VanDruff, 1971), prior studies have not assessed populations of D. virginiana and P. lotor collectively, Because opossums and raccoons co-occur throughout much of their geographic ranges, feed on many of the same foods, and utilize similar habitats (Gardner, 1982;Kaufmann, 1982), numerous opportunities for interspecific relationships exist. However, the extent of the interaction between the two species is unclear. The purposes of the present study were to investi-J. Afamm .. 73(4):808-813, 1992 808 gate co-occurring populations of D. virginiana and P. lotor in regard to winter density, relationship of the number captured to selected habitat variables, spatial association, and degree of mutual habitat utilization. STUDY AREAThe study was conducted at two sites separated by ca. 140 km. The first site was a portion of the Milan Army Ammunition Plant (Milan) located in Gibson and Carroll counties in western Tennessee. This site was composed of 68% hardwoods, 20% pasture, 8% pine-hardwoods, and 4% pine. Topography consisted of gently rolling hills interspersed with intermittent streams. Three small ponds « I ha) were the only permanent water sources on the study area. White and black oaks (Quercus sp.), elms (Ulmus sp.) and scattered, small stands of pine (Pinus sp.) dominated the southern two-thirds ofthe site. The northern one-third was pasture, primarily composed of fescue (FeslUca sp.), interspersed by small woodlots (> 1 ha). Adjacent land use was agricultural and livestock-oriented. Cattle were kept on portions ofthe study area dur...

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“…Our response variable to establish habitat use is based on fecal pellet-group counts in transects which were placed in different vegetation communities (Cransac & Hewison 1997, Galindo et al 1993, Guillet et al 1995, Harkonen & Heikkila 1999, Hemami et al 2004, Hernandez et al 1998, Homolka & Matous 1999, Kearney & Gilbert 1976, Koenen & Krausman 2002, Lawes & Nanni 1993, Loft & Kie 1988, McCorquodale 1987, Morellet et al 1996, Ogurlu 1996, Palmer & Truscott 2003, Rollins et al 1984, Secord et al 1999, Suring & Vohs 1979, Takatsuki 1991, Weckerly & Ricca 2000, Welch et al 1990, Zejda & Homolka 1980). The fecal pellet-group counts were carried out during Autumn and Winter, because of declining food resources in cold seasons.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat use by Persian gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa) in Bamoo National Park during autumn and winter

Nowzari

Rad

Hemami

2007

AZM

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RESUMENComo una especie amenazada, las poblaciones de gacela Iraní han disminuido durante las décadas pasadas. El conocimiento de la ecología de la gacela que incluye sus hábitos alimentarios y las asociaciones del habitat que utiliza son centrales para cualquier tipo de esfuerzo de conservación. La ecología de gacelas es pobremente conocida y las asociaciones del habitat de ésta y otras especies de gacelas no se han estudiado en Irán. La gacela Iraní en el habitat de 6000 ha (en el Parque Nacional de Bamoo ) se estudió durante el periodo de Otoño e Invierno. El uso del habitat fue relacionado con las comunidades de vegetación y su composición, por medio del conteo de los grupos fecales cada dos meses: de septiembre/ octubre 2004 a marzo/abril 2005, en 15 transectos permanentes de 2.5 x 200 metros que se localizaron al azar. La densidad de los grupos fecales fue muy similar en cuatro comunidades vegetales, mientras en la comunidad vegetal 1 en la que Scariola orientalis era dominante, fue significativamente menor. La densidad de gacelas está positivamente asociada con tres especies de arbustos (especie: Astragalus spp., Ebenus stellata , Achillea eriophora con P <0.01, P <0.05, P<0.05, respectivamente) y dos especies de pasto (Poa bulbosa y Aegilops umbellulata, P <0.05) y negativamente asociada con Helichrysum leucocephalum (P <0.01), Scariola orientalis (P <0.01) y Centaurea virgata (P <0.01). Las observaciones acerca de la conducta alimentaria mostraron que las gacelas consumían Bromus danthoniae y Stipa barbata durante el otoño y Astragalus spp., Poa bulbosa, Aegilops umbellulata y Bromus danthoniae durante el invierno. Palabras Clave: Uso del habitat, gacela Iraní, hábitos alimentarios, Parque Nacional de Bamoo . ABSTRACTAs a threatened species populations of Persian gazelle have been declining within the country over the last few decades. The knowledge of gazelle ecology including their feeding habits and habitat associations is central to any kind of conservation effort. The ecology of gazelles in Iran is poorly known and habitat associations of this or other species of gazelles have not been studied in Iran. Habitat use by Persian gazelle was studied over autumn-winter period in its 6000 ha habitat in Bamoo National Park. Habitat use was related to plant communities and vegetation composition by clearance transect pellet group counts carried out every 2 months from September/October 2004 to March/April 2005 using 15 randomly placed 2.5 x 200 m permanent transects. The density of pellet groups was similar in 4 out of 5 Nowzari et al.:Habitad use by persian gazelle 110 plant communities, while in plant community 1, in which Scariola orientalis was the dominant species, it was significantly lower. The density of gazelles was positively associated with three species of bushes (Astragalus spp., Ebenus stellata, Achillea eriophora, P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.05 respectively) and two species of grass (Poa bulbosa and Aegilops umbellulata, P<0.05) and negatively associated with trichomic Helichrysum leucocephalum (P<0....

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Habitat Use by White-Tailed Deer and Moose on Sympatric Range

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

The scale-dependent impact of wolf predation risk on resource selection by three sympatric ungulates

The scale-dependent impact of wolf predation risk on resource selection by three sympatric ungulates

Ecologic Relationships of Co-Occurring Populations of Opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Tennessee

Habitat use by Persian gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa) in Bamoo National Park during autumn and winter

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