Habitual abortion: A radiographic technique to demonstrate the incompetent internal os of the cervix

A randomized controlled trial of cervical cerclage in women at high risk of spontaneous preterm delivery

“…The rationale for performing cervical cerclage is that the operation is supposed to both treat and prevent 'cervical incompetence'. Between pregnancies, a diagnosis of cervical incompetence is made either by assessing the diameter of the cervical canal by uterine sound (Palmer 1950), or by hysterosalpingography (Rubovitz et al 1953), or by measuring cervical compliance or resistance with either an intracervical balloon (Neuman et al 1980) or graduated dilators (Anthony et a/. 1982).…”

Emergency Cervical Cerclage: A Case Series

“…Though many diagnosis tests are recommended, scientific importance of these haven't been demonstrated in studies (14)(15)(16) . In 4 (30.7%) of the patients enrolled in our study, cervical insufficiency history was present.…”

“…In a meta-analysis containing 4 randomized studies, it was determined that cerclage is beneficial in the pregnant women within the [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] gestational weeks with single pregnancy, preterm birth history and short cervix length (21) . In another randomized study, it was observed that cerclage is also beneficial in the cases with cervical length<15mm.…”

Cervical incompetence: surgical treatment of twenty-four cases during pregnancy

“…Surgically, the cervix has been attacked at the internal (Shirodkar, 1955;Barter et al, 1958), mid-cervical (McDonald, 1957) and external (Baden & Baden, 1957) os levels, as well as all three simultaneously (Rubovits et al, 1953). Shirodkar originally used fascia lata (taken from the patient's thigh) as his suture material, but since then a variety of material has been used, including braided silk, Kangaroo tendon, nylon, catgut, tantalum wire, Dacron strips and even No.…”

“…Some of these operations were performed by trachelorrhaphy either prior to (Palmer & La Comme, 1948;Rubovits, Cooperman & Lash, 1953;Picot, Thompson & Murphy, 1958) or during pregnancy (Baden & Baden, 1957). Following Shirodkar's paper in 1955, the emphasis has been upon repair of the cervical defect during pregnancy by means of a constricting suture (Barter et al, 1958;Johnstone, 1958;McDonald, 1957;Tacchi & Snaith, 1962).…”