Habituation at the Synaptic Level in Aplysia

Bruner, J.; Tauc, L

doi:10.1038/210037a0

Cited by 73 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The three are common to animals showing habituation in various phyla (Einstein and Peretz, 1973). More specifically, response decrement, spontaneous recovery, and dishabituation are seen in intact and freely moving mollusks (Pieron, 1913;Humphrey, 1930;Carew, Pinsker and Kandel, 1972), in semiintact and in tethered preparations in which part or the entire central nervous system remains connected to peripheral structures (Bruner and Tauc, 1966;Castellucci e t al., 1970;Pinsker, Castellucci, Kupfermann, and Kandel, 1970;Kupfermann, Pinsker, Castellucci, and Kandel, 1970;Lukowiak and Jacklet, 1972;Peretz and Howieson, 1973), and in the gill and siphon after removal of the CNS (Peretz, 1970;Lukowiak and Jacklet, 1972). The presence of the parameters in molluscan preparations of different degrees of "intactness" as well as their presence in b b Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Control of habituation of the withdrawal reflex by the gill ganglion in Aplysia

Peretz

Møller

1974

J. Neurobiol.

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SUMMARYThe regions of the gill neural plexus responsible for habituation of the withdrawal reflex were studied using surgical and electrophysiological techniques. Waterdrops were applied to the gill pinnule, and testing for habituation was carried out in each preparation before and after ganglionectomy of the large ganglion in the gill and pinnule isolation. Three parameters of habituation, response decrement, spontaneous recovery, and dishabituation, were used to evaluate the function of the ganglion and the plexus in the pinnule in habituation of the reflex. Disruption of response decrement, of spontaneous recovery, and of dishabituation were caused by either isolating the stimulated pinnule from the gill ganglion by severing the branchial nerve, or by extirpating the gill ganglion. We conclude that: a) the gill ganglion is necessary for the withdrawal reflex to exhibit the three parameters which characterize hibituation; and b) the plexus in the pinnule mediates the withdrawal reflex. Extracellular recordings from the pinnule showed that sensory adaptation cannot be contributing to habituation of the reflex since the apparent sensory activity evoked by waterdrops in the pinnule was unaltered by repeated stimulation. In gill ganglion neurons, biphasic potentials were evoked by waterdrops and consisted of an initial depolarization followed by a longer lasting hyperpolarization whose duration was increased with repeated stimulation. I n three spontaneously active neurons the rate of activity decreased with repeated stimulation.It is felt that the decreased rate is brought about by potentiation of the hyperpolarization. The rate of spike activity is considered to control the reflex amplitude since the increased rate with intracellular stimulation, in one neuron, resulted in an increased amplitude and since the absence of spontaneous discharge, after ganglionectomy, resulted in a reduced amplitude. A neural network mediating habituation of the withdrawal reflex is proposed.191

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Control of habituation of the withdrawal reflex by the gill ganglion in Aplysia

Peretz

Møller

1974

J. Neurobiol.

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“…was recorded in the giant cell at a high level of amplification. The stimulation of the test interneurone was prolonged over a period needed to obtain p.s.p.s offully 'habituated' stable amplitudes (Bruner & Tauc, 1966). The heterosynaptic stimulus was applied at 7 per sec for 1 to 3 sec to the tentacular or tegumentary nerves lying on Ag-AgCl electrodes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterosynaptic facilitation in the giant cell of Aplysia.

Shimahara¹,

Tauc²

1975

The Journal of Physiology

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T. SHIMAHARA AND L. TA UC 7. Both heterosynaptic facilitation and 5-HT facilitation were suppressed by the presence in the bath of 5-HT (10-5 M) and of LSD-25 (3 x 104 M). The action of injected 5-HT on the membrane conductance of the left giant cell was also depressed in the presence of 5-HT in the bath, but was unaffected by LSD-25 (3 x 104 M).8. From the parallelism of properties of heterosynaptic and 5-HT facilitation, it is suggested that 5-HT is the probable transmitter mediating heterosynaptic facilitation. It seems likely that 5HT is released from the heterosynaptic pathway at the level of the synaptic ending of the test interneurone on to the giant cell and that it increases the efficacy of this synapse, probably acting on the quantity of synaptic transmitter liberated.

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“…This has been found at various neuromuscular preparations (Eccles, Katz & Kuffler, 1941;Lundberg & Quilisch, 1953;Liley & North, 1953;Thies, 1965;Elmqvist & Quastel, 1965b;Bruner & Kennedy, 1970) and also at synapses on to guinea-pig olfactory cortex cells (Richards, 1972), cat lateral geniculate neurones (Bishop, Burke & Hayhow, 1959), cat dorsal spino-cerebellar tract cells (Eccles, Oscarsson & Willis, 1961), cat spinal motor neurones (Curtis & Eccles 1960) sympathetic ganglion cells in cat (McCandless, Zablocka-Esplin & Esplin, 1971), guinea-pig (Bennett & McLachlan, 1972a, b) and rabbit (Eccles, 1955). Depression is also encountered at synapses on to crayfish tactile interneurones (Zucker, 1972), lobster cardiac ganglion cells (Hagiwara & Bullock, 1957), leech segmental ganglion motoneurones (Nicholls & Purves, 1972), Aplysia central neurones (Wachtel & Kandel, 1967;Castellucci, Pinsker, Kupferman & Kandel, 1970;Gardner & Kandel, 1972) and at synapses on to giant neurones in cockroach (Callec, Guillet, Pichon & Boistel, 1971), Aplysia (Bruner & Tauc, 1966), hatchet fish (Auerbach & Bennett, 1969;Highstein & Bennett, 1973) and squid (Bullock & Hagiwara, 1957; Bryant, 1958;Takeuchi & Takeuchi, 1962;Katz & Miledi, 1967;Horn & Wright, 1970). A number of studies have been devoted to examining the ionic dependence of depression (Thies, 1965;Elmqvist & Quastel, 1965b;Hubbard, Jones & Landau, 1971) and the effects on it of temperature variations (Hubbard et al 1971),...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and recovery of transmission at the squid giant synapse.

Kusano¹,

Landau²

1975

The Journal of Physiology

113

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SUMMARY1. The process of synaptic depression and recovery were studied in the squid (Loligo pealii) giant synapse with intracellular recording and stimulating electrodes in the presence of tetrodotoxin (10-7 M).2. When the synapse was stimulated at 50 Hz, depression occurred rapidly. Recovery after the tetanus was a first-order process with an average time constant of 4-9 sec. The rate of recovery was independent of the amplitude of the post-synaptic potential (p.s.p.) or the degree of depression.3. For the first five to seven p.s.p.s in the train there was a linear relationship between depression and the total amount of transmitter previously released. This may indicate that depression in this preparation was caused by the depletion of the presynaptic store of transmitter (S).4. Assuming that this interpretation was correct, we could show that recovery from depression during the tetanus (i.e. 'mobilization') proceeded about 10 times faster than after the end of the tetanus.5. When the amplitude of the p.s.p. was varied by changing the bathing calcium concentration, [Ca], the degree of depression was correlated to the amplitude of the p.s.p.6. When the amplitude of the p.s.p. was increased by increasing presynaptic depolarization, synaptic depression was found to increase as well. However, synaptic depression increased less than the amplitude of the p.s.p., the relationship between these two measures being non-linear.7. This finding is interpreted to indicate that the transmitter stores, S, are closely related to the area of the presynaptic membrane which is sufficiently depolarized to release transmitter.

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Habituation at the Synaptic Level in Aplysia

Cited by 73 publications

References 11 publications

Control of habituation of the withdrawal reflex by the gill ganglion in Aplysia

Control of habituation of the withdrawal reflex by the gill ganglion in Aplysia

Heterosynaptic facilitation in the giant cell of Aplysia.

Depression and recovery of transmission at the squid giant synapse.

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