Habituation of the Cold Shock Response May Include a Significant Perceptual Component

Abstract

Repeated TWI lessened the anxiety associated with CWI (perceptual habituation). This had a negligible effect on the primary components of the CSR, but did lower VT, which may reduce the volume of any aspirated water in an emergency situation. Reducing the threat appraisal of an environmental stressor may be a useful biproduct of survival training, thereby minimizing psychophysiological strain.

The human ventilatory response to stress: rate or depth?

“…Having reviewed the ventilatory response to exercise in the previous section, in the following sections ƒ R and V T data are examined in the following: r Hypoxia (10 studies; 290 participants) r Panic (8 studies; 470 participants) r Pain (4 studies, 56 participants) Cold exposure. Rapid cooling of the skin by immersion in cold water produces the 'cold shock' response (Tipton, 1989); this includes an inspiratory gasp, hyperventilation, tachycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, hypertension, a marked reduction in cerebral blood flow velocity (Datta & Tipton, 2006;Mantoni et al 2007;Croft et al 2013;Barwood et al 2016) and increased circulating level of catecholamines (Heymans et al 1930;Tipton & Golden, 1987;Barwood et al 2014).…”

“…For example, analysis of ƒ R and V T at 10 s periods during the first 20-30 s of immersion in cold water shows that the increase inV E is primarily determined by an increase in ƒ R , with V T not increasing until ƒ R begins to fall back towards pre-immersion levels (Tipton et al 1991). Thus, analysis of the components oḟ V E after the first minute of immersion shows an increasing contribution of V T toV E (Hayward & Eckerson, 1984;Barwood et al 2014). This relationship between ƒ R and V T is similar to that seen between heart rate and stroke volume at high heart rates.…”

“…Thus, analysis of the components of after the first minute of immersion shows an increasing contribution of V T to (Hayward & Eckerson, ; Barwood et al . ). This relationship between ƒ R and V T is similar to that seen between heart rate and stroke volume at high heart rates.…”

“…Data extracted from the following references: Barwood et al . (, ); Frank et al . (); Eglin & Tipton (); Hayashi et al .…”

XP-Antarctik Expedition: The Effect of a Month-Long Expedition in Antarctica on Physiological Performance

“…However, studies have agreed that thermal sensations and sensation of pain decrease with time and repeated exposure to cold temperatures (Barwood, Corbett, & Wagstaff, 2014;Geurts, Sleivert, & Cheung, 2006;Mekjavic, Dobnikar, & Kounalakis, 2013). At the same time, these thermal sensation and pain decreases induce a greater risk of cold injuries, such as frost bite (Leppäluoto, Korhonen, & Hassi, 2001;Mäkinen, 2010).…”