Hacking the brain: brain–computer interfacing technology and the ethics of neurosecurity

Ienca, Marcello; Haselager, Pim

doi:10.1007/s10676-016-9398-9

Cited by 131 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It should be recognized that "hacking" the brain (neurosecurity) is an issue that has been addressed (Moreno 2012) and has continued to be a concern. "This debate should involve the collaboration of ethicist, neuroscientists, engineers, computer scientists, cybersecurity experts, lawyers, and other significant stakeholders, informed regulators, and policy makers" (Ienca and Haselager 2016). The need for ethical guidelines is clear as indicated above (Goering and Yuste 2016).…”

Section: Bioelectronic Medicine-ethical Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioelectronic Medicine—Ethical Concerns

Packer

Mercado

Haridat

2018

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

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Bioelectronic medicine (BEM) offers exciting opportunities to treat diseases such as movement disorders and refractory inflammatory disease. The many variations of BEM allow for noninvasive aspects of treatment that might eliminate or reduce the need for pharmaceuticals; therefore, the term "electroceuticals" may be suitable. BEM has been effective for movement disorders and improvement of prosthetic devices. Based on this implication, there is an allowance to impact many focus areas that include but are not limited to autoimmune disease, sensory motor conditions, and neurological conditions. There are a wide array of ethical issues that relate to BEM, which include informed consent, research ethics, innovation, academic-industry relationships, intellectual property, and the conundrum that needs to be addressed when altering the brain such as the issues of autonomy and free beneficence and social justice. The major goal is to heighten awareness of ethical issues and facilitate a proactive ethical approach regarding BEM research.

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Section: Bioelectronic Medicine-ethical Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioelectronic Medicine—Ethical Concerns

Packer

Mercado

Haridat

2018

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on the literature found, a list of ethical issues regarding cybersecurity in the health domain could be revealed as follows. -difficulties regarding usability (Kaplan & Litewka 2008;Spitalewsky et al 2013;Young et al 2014), -open access (Greenbaum et al 2011;McCormack et al 2016), and especially -the risk of hacking and other forms of attacks (Motti & Caine 2015;Mulligan & Schneider 2011;Tieu et al 2015;Yang 2016), which could directly affect the physical and psychological safety of affected individuals (Camara et al 2015;Ienca & Haselager 2016).…”

Section: Outlining the Identified Ethical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-The other type is the loss of control over one's own data (Barrows & Clayton 1996;Caulfield et al 2003;Mascalzoni et al 2015). This is noticeable regarding a lack of possibilities to manage one's own data (Bourret & Pestana 2015;Thilakanathan et al 2016), a lack of control over the concrete use of the data (Greenbaum et al 2011;Ienca & Haselager 2016;Rodrigues & Santos 2013;Vayena et al 2016) and, in the worst case, the risk of losing ownership of one's own data (Kluge 2011). This loss can be a risk to the empowerment of the patients (Bourret & Pestana 2015;Spriggs et al 2012).…”

Section: Outlining the Identified Ethical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canvas White Paper 1 Cybersecurity and Ethics

et al. 2017

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“…Especially in combination with wireless technology, BCI has a high potential insofar as it might allow for the direct control of animal and, in principle, human brains and behavior at distance (Borton et al 2013). It certainly also raises serious ethical concerns, namely because of the risk of hacking (Ienca & Haselager 2016) and violations of human autonomy, as the brain enables human self-regulation and self-determination.…”

Section: Major Trends and Challenges In Autonomous Robotic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation Schema for the Ethical Use of Autonomous Robotic Systems in Security Applications

et al. 2017

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IntroductionInformation technology has become a decisive element in modern warfare, in particular when armed forces of developed countries are involved. Modern weapon systems would not function without sophisticated computing power, but also the planning and executing of military operations in general heavily rely on information technology. In addition, armed forces, but also police, border control and civil protection organizations increasingly rely on robotic systems with growing autonomous capacities. This poses tactical and strategic, but also ethical and legal issues that are of particular relevance when procurement organizations are evaluating such systems for security applications.In order to support the evaluation of such systems from an ethical perspective, this report presents an evaluation schema for the ethical use of autonomous robotic systems in security applications, which also considers legal aspects to some degree. The focus is on two types of applications: First, systems whose purpose is not to destroy objects or to harm people (e.g. rescue robots, surveillance systems); although weaponization cannot be excluded. Second, systems that deliberately possess the capacity to harm people or destroy objects -both defensive and offensive, lethal and non-lethal systems. The cyber-domain where autonomous systems also are increasingly used (software agents, specific types of cyber weapons etc.) has been excluded from this analysis.The research that has resulted in this report outlines the most important evaluations and scientific publications that are contributing to the international debate on the regulation of autonomous systems in the security context, in particular in the case of so-called lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS). The goal of the research is twofold: First, it should support the procurement of security/defense systems, e.g. to avoid reputation risks or costly assessments for systems that are ethically problematic and entail political risks. Second, the research should contribute to the international discussion on the use of autonomous systems in the security context (e.g

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Hacking the brain: brain–computer interfacing technology and the ethics of neurosecurity

Cited by 131 publications

References 25 publications

Bioelectronic Medicine—Ethical Concerns

Bioelectronic Medicine—Ethical Concerns

Canvas White Paper 1 Cybersecurity and Ethics

An Evaluation Schema for the Ethical Use of Autonomous Robotic Systems in Security Applications

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