Hacking the panopticon: Distributed online surveillance and resistance

Dupont, Benoît

doi:10.1016/s1521-6136(07)00212-6

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As one example of everyday resistance, we will look at surveillance. While the field of surveillance studies has largely ignored the surveilled and their reactions and practices, for example practices of resistance, this is slowly beginning to change (see, for example, Dupont, 2008).…”

Section: The Concept Of Repertoiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensions of Everyday Resistance: An Analytical Framework

2014

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Since James Scott introduced the concept of ‘everyday resistance’ in 1985, research has grown within partly overlapping fields. Existing studies utilize very different definitions, methodologies and understandings of ‘everyday resistance’, which makes a systematic development of the field difficult. In previous work, the authors have suggested a theoretical and definitional framework where everyday resistance is understood as a specific kind of resistance that is done routinely yet is not publicly articulated with political claims or formally organized. A more comprehensive and systematic exploration of this challenging phenomenon is possible through an analysis where: repertoires of everyday resistance are taken into account, together with relations between actors, as well as the spatialization and temporalization of resistance. These analytical dimensions are explained and motivated through illustrations from existing research. Finally, it is argued all four dimensions need to be studied in intersections.

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Section: The Concept Of Repertoiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensions of Everyday Resistance: An Analytical Framework

2014

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“…A criminal on the lamb might engage in a “masking move” by putting on a wig and fake mustache. On the Internet, Tor allows users the most secure of masks for their digital identity by participating in a “distributed masking move” which involves employing multiple servers (Dupont 2008:273). In the next section, we describe anonymity-granting technologies and consider the reasons people use them.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subverting Surveillance or Accessing the Dark Web? Interest in the Tor Anonymity Network in U.S. States, 2006–2015

Lindner

Xiao

2020

Social Currents

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The U.S. government engaged in unprecedented forms of mass surveillance in the twenty-first century. Users of the The Onion Router (Tor), an anonymity-granting technology, mask themselves from state surveillance and can gain access to illicit content on the Dark Web. Drawing on theory regarding “exposure” to surveillance, this study examines how two issue-attention cycles (related to the Edward Snowden state surveillance revelations and the Dark Web respectively) are associated with public interest in the Tor browser in the United States. Using data at the state-year level from 2006 to 2015, this study estimates fixed effects models, controlling for sociodemographics, the presence of journalism, tech, and political jobs, as well as multiple measures of state political ideology. The results indicate that state-years with greater popularity of Google searches related to the Snowden story had significantly higher popularity of searches for Tor. By contrast, there was no association between Dark Web search popularity and Tor search popularity. These findings are consistent with the notion that the Snowden incident increased Americans’ sense of exposure, leading to interest in anonymity-granting technology.

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“…Another response is a "masking move," in which one attempts to shield one's identity from surveillance (Marx 2003). Using Tor is what Dupont (2008) has referred to as a "distributed masking move," in which one collaborates with others digitally to shield their identity from surveillance (pg. 273).…”

Section: Anonymity and The Snowden Revelationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tor and the City: MSA-level Correlates of Interest in Anonymous Web Browsing

Lindner¹,

Elsner²,

Pryciak³

2020

Preprint

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In the 21st century, Americans have put more of their lives online, while the U.S. government has expanded its mass surveillance apparatus. Interest in anonymity-granting technologies like the The Onion Router (Tor) has grown substantially as citizens seek to protect their privacy. However, this same technology can be used to engage in illegal activity on the Dark Web. This study examines how interest in the Dark Web, public attention to the 2013 Snowden revelations, and metro area political ideology affect public interest in Tor. We link data from multiple sources including Google Trends, the American Community Survey, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Cooperative Congressional Election Study for the 49 largest U.S. MSAs from 2006-2015 (n=490). Broadly, we find that metro areas with liberal citizen ideology and greater interest in the Dark Web were more likely to search for Tor. When controlling for the level of interest in the Dark Web, the Snowden revelations of 2013 had no significant impact on interest in Tor. These findings tend to suggest that the lure of the Dark Web and left-leaning ideological contexts offer stronger explanations for interest in anonymity-granting technology than the public attention brought to mass surveillance by the Snowden revelations.

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Hacking the panopticon: Distributed online surveillance and resistance

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Dimensions of Everyday Resistance: An Analytical Framework

Dimensions of Everyday Resistance: An Analytical Framework

Subverting Surveillance or Accessing the Dark Web? Interest in the Tor Anonymity Network in U.S. States, 2006–2015

Tor and the City: MSA-level Correlates of Interest in Anonymous Web Browsing

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