Hadronization via gravitational confinement of fast neutrinos: Mechanics at fm distances

Abstract

We present a summary of the rotating Lepton model (RLM) of composite particles which is a Bohr-type model using gravity rather than electrostatic attraction as the centripetal force and examines the formation of hadrons via the rotational motion of three gravitating relativistic neutrinos. Model solution via the use of Special or General relativity and of the de Broglie wavelength equation shows that the three neutrinos can get confined in circular orbits of fm radii with velocities extremely close to the speed of light. The computed Lorentz factor 𝛾(= (1 − v 2 ∕c 2 ) −1∕2 ) is ∼ 7.16 ⋅ 10 9 which, via energy conversation, implies that the mass of the composite particle (e.g., of a neutron) is a factor of 𝛾 larger than the rest mass of the three rotating neutrinos (∼0.14 eV/c 2 ), and equal (within 1%) with the experimental neutron mass value (∼ 939 MeV/c 2 ). The computed rotational radius (0.63 fm) is also in quantitative agreement with the experimental value. The application of the RLM to compute the masses of heavier composite particles, such as hadrons, bosons and mesons is then briefly oulined, together with its use to compute the masses of neutrinos from hadron masses and to relate the Strong and Weak nuclear forces with relativistic gravity.

Computation of the Deuteron Mass and Force Unification via the Rotating Lepton Model

“…The computed mass agrees within 0.05% with the experimental deuteron mass without any adjustable parameters. This very good agreement shows that, similarly to the strong force [11,12], the nuclear force can also be modeled as relativistic gravity.…”

“…This has led to the development of the rotating lepton model (RLM), which allows for the computation of the masses of hadrons and bosons [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] with an astonishing precision of 1% without any adjustable parameters. [12] and experimental [14,15] neutrino eigenmasses; mn and mμ are the neutron and muon masses, respectively. The m3, m2, and m1 expressions were retrieved from [12].…”

Speeds of Wave Propagation in Ideal Gaseous Molecular and Neutrino Media

“…In summary, it appears that the importance of the role of neutrinos in our universe can hardly be overemphasized. They seem to play an important role not only for hadron generation − ,, but also for light transmission.…”

Rotating Lepton Model of Pions and Kaons: Mechanics at fm Distances

“…In fact, the SM does not seem to be compatible with special or general relativity and, in addition, it assumes that neutrinos are massless, despite of subsequently established experimental evidence that neutrinos possess mass and play a paramount dominant role in our Universe [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]. This lack of completeness has led to developing the rotating lepton model (RLM) which is a Bohr-type rotating lepton model [9], combining gravity, special [10] [11] or general relativity [12] and quantum mechanics [13] in a simple manner [1] [14]- [20].…”

“…The present article is a continuation of a recently published paper [1] in which we have modeled the composition and structure of neutrons and other hadrons using the Rotating Lepton Model (RLM) which is a Bohr type model employing the relativistic gravitational attraction between three ultrafast rotating neutrinos as the centripetal force. The RLM accounts for special relativity and also for the De Broglie equation of quantum mechanics.…”